The Navy has been forced to post an explanation, of sorts, insisting: We certainly havent done anything out of malice or disrespect for your proud heritage that has existed long before we were even a navy. This led to the British mounting the Persian Gulf campaign of 1819. [48][49] In 2018, the UK opened a permanent military base, HMSJufair, in the Persian Gulf, the first since it withdrew from East of Suez in 1971 and is developing a support facility in Oman.[50][51][52]. Iraq's egress to the Persian gulf is narrow and easily blockaded consisting of the marshy river delta of the Shatt al-Arab, which carries the waters of the Euphrates and the Tigris rivers, where the east bank is held by Iran. During the seventh century, the Sassanid Empire conquered the whole Persian Gulf region. Just south of Bahrain, is the independent . The Persian Gulf also hosts several local and migratory bird species, including collared kingfisher, booted warbler, and greater flamingos. The Persian Gulf and its coastal areas are the world's largest single source of crude oil. Most of the Arabian shore is bordered by sandy beaches, with many small islands enclosing small lagoons. From 1763 until 1971, the British Empire maintained varying degrees of political control over some of the Persian Gulf states, including the United Arab Emirates (originally called the Trucial States)[45] and at various times Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, and Qatar through the British Residency of the Persian Gulf. Countries with a coastline on the Persian Gulf are (clockwise, from north): Iran; Oman's Musandam exclave; the United Arab Emirates; Saudi Arabia; Qatar, on a peninsula off the Saudi coast; Bahrain, an island nation; Kuwait; and Iraq in the northwest. The deeper parts of the Persian Gulf adjacent to the Iranian coast and the area around the Tigris-Euphrates delta are mainly floored with gray-green muds rich in calcium carbonate. [31][32], Following the fall of Achaemenid Empire, and after the fall of the Parthian Empire, the Sassanid Empire ruled the northern half and at times the southern half of the Persian Gulf. The region's unique land and water features are visible in these . "[citation needed], The 2000 AP Stylebook elaborates: Persian Gulf is the "long-established name" and the best choice. It is the namesake of the 1991 Gulf War, the largely air- and land-based conflict that followed Iraq's invasion of Kuwait. It is also recognised as the legal international standard by the United Nations , which. The Persian Gulf is also home to many migratory and local birds. Mohammed Thani Murshed Al Romaithi", "MIDEAST Gulf rivalry between Iran, UAE transfered [, "Iran accuses UAE of racism in renaming Pro League to the Arabian Gulf League", "Iran bars captain's UAE transfer over Gulf name", "Historical, Geographical and Legal Validity of the name: Persian Gulf", Factsheet on the Legal and Historical Usage of the "Persian Gulf" ISG MIT, ISNA: "Goods labelled with "Arabian Gulf" banned in Iran. It connects with the Gulf of Oman and the Arabian Sea through the Strait of Hormuz, which is 30 to 60 miles (48 to 96 kilometers) wide. These gentle mammals feed on sea grass and are closer relatives of certain land mammals than are dolphins and whales. [1] The Shatt al-Arab river delta forms the northwest shoreline. So, too, has the underwater habitat around it. [41] Max Depth - 1025 m. Major Ports - Baku, Aktau, Atyrau. The low freshwater inflow and high temperatures result in a high freshwater evaporation rate. Important Islands - Bulla island, Piralhi island, Nargin island. The Persian Gulf has hosted some of the most magnificent marine fauna and flora, some of which are near extirpation or at serious environmental risk. This name has become contested by some Arab countries since the 1960s[3] in connection with the emergence of pan-Arabism and Arab nationalism, resulting in the invention of the toponym "Arabian Gulf" (Arabic: ) as well as the "Gulf", which are terms used in some Arab countries. Recent statistics and observations show that dolphins are at danger of entrapment in purse seine fishing nets and exposure to chemical pollutants; perhaps the most alarming sign is the "mass suicides" committed by dolphins off Iran's Hormozgan province, which are not well understood, but are suspected to be linked with a deteriorating marine environment from water pollution from oil, sewage, and industrial run offs.[81][82]. [56][57] Whales were reduced even further by illegal mass hunts by the Soviet Union and Japan in the 1960s and 1970s. They are as crucial an indicator of biological health on the surface of the water, as the corals are to biological health of the Persian gulf in deeper waters. Fishing remains an important activity for the people living around the Persian Gulf. Some of the Islands in the Persian Gulf are Qeshm Island, Kish, Abu Musa, Hormuz Island, Kharg Island, Hengam Island . [10] Consequently, in the Greek sources, the body of water that bordered this province came to be known as the "Persian Gulf". [37], The United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency GEOnet Names Server (GNS) is the "official repository of standard spellings of all foreign place names" sanctioned by the Board of Geographical Names (BGN). [15] Among all this confusion, the old name gradually reasserted itself in the 17th century, but Turkey still uses the name "Gulf of Basra" (Basra Krfezi)[16] in Turkish today. A Saudi ARAMCO map from 1952 using the term "Persian Gulf" ( ). ", A planned second Islamic Solidarity Games in Iran, originally scheduled to take place in October 2009, and later rescheduled for April 2010, was canceled when the Arab World and Iran could not agree over the use of the term "Persian Gulf" in logos and medals for the Games. [48] The magazine repeated this act in its 18 February 2010 article titled "Iraq, Iran and the Politics of Oil: Crude Diplomacy". The United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names discussed the naming issue during its 23rd session, held in Vienna from 28 March to 4 April 2006. The arrow-shaped island is located in the Strait of Hormuz, close to the south coast of Iran. Its military personnel shot down Iran Air Flight 655 on July 3, 1988, while flying over the gulf, killing all 290 passengers and crew. Surface-water temperatures range from 75 to 90 F (24 to 32 C) in the Strait of Hormuz to 60 to 90 F (16 to 32 C) in the extreme northwest. [31], The Achaemenid high naval command had established major naval bases located along Shatt al-Arab river, Bahrain, Oman, and Yemen. The city has a population of about 4.1 million people. [4] Two types of mediterranean seas exist: concentration basin and dilution basin. Don't miss the latest updates on Persian Gulf news, including official events, meetings of world leaders, and more. [38] With the support of the British fleet, in 1622 'Abbs took the island of Hormuz from the Portuguese; much of the trade was diverted to the town of Bandar 'Abbs, which he had taken from the Portuguese in 1615 and had named after himself. The Arabs then began to use the name 'Arabian Gulf'", he added. [13] However, on his world map of 1569, the name is changed to Mare di Mesendin (after the peninsula Ra's Musandam, in modern-day Oman),[14] while his rival Abraham Ortelius, for the world atlas of 1570, opted for Mare El Catif, olim Sinus Persicus (after the Arabian port of Al Qatif), but labelled the entrance to the gulf the present-day Strait of Hormuz as Basora Fretum (Strait of Basra). The wildlife of the Persian Gulf is diverse, and entirely unique because of the Persian Gulf's geographic distribution and its isolation from the international waters only breached by the narrow Strait of Hormuz. Biological, biochemical, and chemical processes lead to the production of considerable calcium carbonate in the form of skeletal debris and fine mud, which mixes with this land-derived detritus. "[citation needed] The Assyrians called it the "Bitter Sea". Guide to the Oceans. The Persian Gulf receives only small amounts of river-borne sediment except in the northwest, where immense quantities of silt are deposited by the Tigris, Euphrates, and Krn rivers and other smaller streams as they empty into the gulf, by way of the Shatt Al-Arab. A UN plan to protect the mangroves as a biological reserve was ignored by the emirate of Sharjah, which allowed the dredging of a channel that bisects the wetland and construction of an adjacent concrete walkway. 2011-09-21. Bubiyan belongs to Kuwait. Overall, the waters are very shallow, with a maximum depth of 90 metres (295 feet) and an average depth of 50 metres (164 feet). According to Greek scholars, the body of water bordering the Persis region was named the Persian Gulf. Before the current name, the gulf was known by several names, including the Red Sea and Sea above Akkad., Although the gulf is internationally and historically known as the Persian Gulf, some Arab countries have disputed the name. The islands in the gulf are distributed across the entire geographic area. Eight nations have coasts along the Persian Gulf: Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates. It's also in treaties signed between the governors of the gulf and the British who dominated the region from the beginning of the 20th century From a scientific and historical point of view, it has been called the Persian Gulf since Alexander the Great". It is called the Arabian Gulf in the Arab world. This inland sea of some 251,000 square kilometres (96,912sqmi) is connected to the Gulf of Oman in the east by the Strait of Hormuz; and its western end is marked by the major river delta of the Shatt al-Arab, which carries the waters of the Euphrates and the Tigris. After May 2012, it removed both names from the body of water stating that it does not name every place in the world and that it did not want to take a political stance. Thus, the gulfs salinity ranges from 37 to 41 parts/1000. the small, independent island state of Bahrain, which consists of an archipelago of 33, sometimes tiny, low-lying islands. The Persian Gulf is also referred to as the Arabian Gulf or Gulf of Iran. Although fog and thunderstorms are rare, haze and dust storms are common during winter. Chemical precipitation is abundant in the coastal waters, and sands and muds are produced that mix with the skeletal debris of the local sea life. (2004). Persian Gulf islands are often also historically significant, having been used in the past by colonial powers such as the Portuguese and the British in their trade or as acquisitions for their empires.[7]. It is bordered on the north, northeast, and east by Iran; on the southeast and south by part of Oman and by the United Arab Emirates; on the southwest and west by Qatar, Bahrain, and Saudi Arabia; and on the northwest by Kuwait and Iraq. [54] The name change has been viewed as a revival of the Persian Gulf naming dispute[55] with Iran accusing the United Arab Emirates of racism,[56][57] and the Football Federation of the Islamic Republic of Iran barring the transfer of Javad Nekounam to a UAE club. The Shatt al-Arab river delta forms the northwest shoreline. [77] After Australian waters, which are estimated to contain some 80,000 dugong inhabitants, the waters off Qatar, Bahrain, UAE, and Saudi Arabia make the Persian Gulf the second most important habitat for the species, hosting some 7,500 remaining dugongs. Today, many major cities of the Middle East are located in this region. Various small islands also lie within the Persian Gulf, some of which are the subject of territorial disputes between the states in the region. [8] This difference is supplied by currents at the Strait of Hormuz. [42] The practice of the United States Fifth Fleet, based in Bahrain, is to use "Arabian Gulf": It is commonly understood to be a friendly gesture of solidarity and support for our host nation of Bahrain and our other Gulf Cooperation Council partners in the region to use the term they prefer, The National Geographic Society uses the name Persian Gulf to refer to this body of water. The Persian Gulf is a mediterranean sea in Western Asia. [42] The Persian Gulf therefore became a critical maritime path through which the Allies transported equipment to Soviet Union against the Nazi invasion. The study area comprised the Arabian (also known as the Persian) Gulf, along with the Oman and Arabian seas. The gulf is shallow, rarely deeper than about 300 feet (90 metres), although depths exceeding 360 feet (110 metres) are found at its entrance and at isolated localities in its southeastern part. In World War II, the Western Allies used Iran as a conduit to transport military and industrial supply to the USSR, through a pathway known historically as the "Persian Corridor". Often the seafloor has been hardened and turned to rock by the deposition of calcium carbonate from the warm, salty waters. The area supports large green turtle populations in Saudi Arabia and in Oman; smaller nesting aggregations in Iran and Kuwait; and hawksbills nesting in Iran, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The shamal, a wind that blows predominantly from a north-northwest direction during the summer, is seldom strong and rarely reaches gale force. It is a long and narrow gulf that is 1,500 miles long and 60 miles wide. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). [18][19][20] Arab governments refer to it as the Arabian Gulf or The Gulf,[21] and other countries and organizations have begun using Arabian Gulf. [32], Abdel Khaleq al-Janabi, a Saudi Arabian historian, said "It's this name [Persian Gulf] that has been retained by history books and Arab historians, like Ibn Khaldoun and Ibn al Athir. Its length is some 615 miles (990 km), and its width varies from a maximum of about 210 miles (340 km) to a minimum of 35 miles (55 km) in the Strait of Hormuz.
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