: Role of common genetic variants in ovarian cancer susceptibility and outcome: progress to date from the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium (OCAC). : Randomized trial comparing cisplatin with radioactive phosphorus or whole-abdomen irradiation as adjuvant treatment of ovarian cancer. The McGuire WP, Rowinsky EK, Rosenshein NB, et al. The input for the tapply( ) function is 1) the outcome variable (data vector) to be analyzed, 2) the categorical variable (data vector) that defines the subsets of subjects, and 3) the function to be applied to the outcome variable. The true effect may be substantially different fro m the estimate of the effect. This additional information can be obtained using the tapply( ) function as described in Section 7 (in this example, tapply(agewalk,group,sd) will give standard deviations, table(group) will give n's). Article of the Year Award: Outstanding research contributions of 2021, as selected by our Chief Editors. This is, for example, the situation when you use binary logistic regression (whose dependent variable takes the value 0 or 1). While you only need to install the package once onto your computer, you will need to load the package into R each time you want to use it. followed by implantation on the peritoneum and via local invasion of bowel and In this example, we want to compare lactate levels for subjects from Group=1 vs. Group=2 (the original data frame contains data on subjects from both study groups, with the Group variable indicating group membership). Gynecol Oncol 95 (3): 624-31, 2004. Hanley J. Hi Charles, Wiley-Interscience. I find it easiest to use the 'read.csv(file.choose))' command, which is described first and uses a Windows-like file menu to find the data file and then bring data into R. MS Excel is an excellent tool for entering and managing data from a small statistical study. Specifying the orientation for the prop.table( ) command can be confusing, and it may be easier (or safer) to just calculate proportions directly for the table of counts. Although surgical staging was required for study entry, an audit revealed that 29% of the patients had either incomplete documentation of their surgery or insufficient surgical effort. As per my understanding, it should be E9/E$17. The square brackets [ ] (further described in Section 7 below) are used to indicate that an operation is restricted to cases that meet the condition in the brackets. : Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy in Ovarian Cancer. The 'survfit' function from the 'survival' add-on package calculates and plots the Kaplan-Meier survival curve, and also calculates median survival from the Kaplan-Meier curve. Am I missing some fundamental understanding of how the AUC is calculated? The confidence interval here is the confidence interval for the mean difference; the confidence interval should agree with the p-value in that the CI should not contain 0 when p<0.05, and the CI should contain 0 when p>0.05. Carboplatin plus paclitaxel has been considered the standard regimen for platinum-sensitive recurrence in the absence of residual neurological toxic effects. I did this to avoid having to make a special case for the cumulative distribution for the first data element. Signs and symptoms include the following: These symptoms often go unrecognized, leading to delays in diagnosis. Material can be cut and pasted into or from the R window. Second, the tapply() function can be used to perform analyses across a set of subgroups in a dataframe. The Real Statistics software also provides a trapezoid version of the ROC as described at Despite the high prevalence of this diagnosis in patients undergoing coronary angiography, it is still a therapeutic challenge for cardiologists. Cancer 3:32-35. : Hereditary ovarian cancer. Bolton KL, Ganda C, Berchuck A, et al. Lahmann PH, Cust AE, Friedenreich CM, et al. J Clin Oncol 19 (4): 1001-7, 2001. NOTE. : OCEANS: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III trial of chemotherapy with or without bevacizumab in patients with platinum-sensitive recurrent epithelial ovarian, primary peritoneal, or fallopian tube cancer. The risk is somewhat less for women who have one first-degree relative and one second-degree relative (grandmother or aunt) with ovarian cancer. Phospholipids are altered in brains of patients with dementia and some studies suggest their plasma levels may be useful in the detection of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. 2. The pnorm( ) function gives the area, or probability, below a z-value: To find a two-tailed area (corresponding to a 2-tailed p-value) for a positive z-value: The qnorm( ) function gives critical z-values corresponding to a given lower-tailed area: To find a critical value for a two-tailed 95% confidence interval: The pt( ) function gives the area, or probability, below a t-value. The different fractions (TP, FP, TN, FN) are represented in the following table. 1, 1. Our findings suggested that although phospholipids and metabolites were altered in MCI and dementia, cross-sectional association was relatively weak and prediction of MCI and dementia did not improve on clinical variables. So, while we could perform some analyses on this entire data set, we cannot yet perform analyses on specific variables. Paoletti X, Lewsley LA, Daniele G, et al. The read.table()function reads data that was saved as a text file (with a .txt extension) through MS Word or other programs, with spaces separating the entries in each line of data. To perform the independent samples t-test, we need to specify the object representing the dependent variable and the object representing the group information. Is it correct to use cumulative values in cases where you are repeatedly testing different cutoff values in the same subjects, say when looking at different cutoff values for a diagnostic test of a disease in 100 people, half of whom have the disease and half of whom do not? For this example, 84.8% of the exercise group was walking by 1 year, and 47.1% of the control group was walking by 1 year. The study was terminated at interim analysis for futility of reaching the primary end point of improved PFS. Screening procedures such as gynecologic assessment, vaginal ultrasound, and cancer antigen 125 (CA-125) assay have had low predictive value in detecting ovarian cancer in women without special risk factors. Aghajanian C, Blank SV, Goff BA, et al. : Phase II evaluation of pemetrexed in the treatment of recurrent or persistent platinum-resistant ovarian or primary peritoneal carcinoma: a study of the Gynecologic Oncology Group. used ROC analysis to determine how well the MHI-5 and several other measures discriminated between patients with and without major depression. If you know the name of the file that you want to bring into R, you can read a .csv file directly into R. For example, suppose we saved the data for the Age at Walking example as the file 'agewalk4R.csv' in the R default directory. Cross tabulation of the index test results (or their distribution) by the results of the reference standard. Estimates of diagnostic accuracy and their precision (such as 95% confidence intervals) 25 FTC = fallopian tube cancer; PPC = primary peritoneal cancer. Converting back to the correlation scale yields (0.024, 0.534). Dr. Tryambak, Dr. Tryambak, Investigations are still ongoing for vitamin D, omega-3, incretins, and n-acetyl cysteine, which have resulted in beneficial initial outcomes. Model 0: unadjusted logistic regression. https://ncss-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/themes/ncss/pdf/Procedures/NCSS/One_ROC_Curve_and_Cutoff_Analysis.pdf, IBM (2011) ROC algorithms IBM SPSS Statistics 20 Algorithms To test whether the mean age at walking is equal to 12 months for the infants in our age of first walking example: alternative hypothesis: true mean is not equal to 12. : Assessment of Progression-Free Survival as a Surrogate End Point of Overall Survival in First-Line Treatment of Ovarian Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Markman M, Reichman B, Hakes T, et al. Working towards an exegesis for lipids in biology. We also have our User Guide, focused on getting to know Prism, and our Curve Fitting Guide! Comparison between Cardiac CTA and Echocardiography for Assessment of Ventricular Septal Rupture Diameter and Its Effect on Transcatheter Closure. The mean ROC/PR curve and the standard deviation are shown as the bold line and shaded region, respectively. The 'summary( )' function with survfit gives a listing of the survival function, the 'print( )' function with survfit gives the median survival with a 95% CI, and the 'plot( )' function with survfit gives a plot of the K-M curve with a 95% confidence band (while all 3 functions are illustrated below, it is not necessary to run all three the K-M plot could be requested directly without printing out the survival proportions). All indicators were computed together with their corresponding 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Mielke M.M., Bandaru V.V., Haughey N.J., Rabins P.V., Lyketsos C.G., Carlson M.C. : Menopausal hormone therapy and ovarian cancer risk in the National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study Cohort. In a subset analysis of patients with BRCA mutations in this study, only 23 patients in the standard arm and 30 patients in the chemotherapy-plus-bevacizumab arm had documented deleterious mutations. : A randomized clinical trial of cisplatin/paclitaxel versus carboplatin/paclitaxel as first-line treatment of ovarian cancer. The treatments did not differ in toxic effects. : Trabectedin plus pegylated liposomal Doxorubicin in recurrent ovarian cancer. The 95% confidence interval that is given is for the difference in the means for the two groups (10.73 11.91 gives a difference in means of -1.18, and the CI that R gives is a CI for this difference in means). Copy a snapshot of the browser window by pressing Alt-PrintScreen, switch to the PFS in patients with residuum larger than 1 cm was 13 months, and OS was 33 months. Among these patients, the median OS was 29.9 months in the olaparib group and 39.4 months in the chemotherapy group (HR, 1.33; 95% CI, 0.842.18). This may be the result of a deficient homologous DNA repair mechanism in these tumors, which leads to increased sensitivity to chemotherapy agents.[55,56]. The data: To analyze these data in R, first create an object (arbitrarily named 'obsfreq' in the example) that contains the observed frequencies. The role of HIPEC remains experimental in the treatment of patients with high-grade serous ovarian cancers. The actual ROC curve is a step function with the points shown in the figure. Lancet Oncol 21 (5): 710-722, 2020. In R, click on the 'Packages' menu, then 'Install Package(s)', then select a download site (from the US), then select the epitools package. publication-quality graph of the ROC curve. Learn more Manual of Laboratory Operations: Lipid Research Clinics Program and Lipid and Lipoprotein Analysis; p. 628. However, with some ROC curves, especially it seems where there are groups of results with identical FPR and/or TPR values and Im calculating the TPR and FPR for very fine increments of cut offs, the sum of those rows over estimates the AUC compared to ROC curve analysis using R. I have modified the formula in H9 to be =(F9-F10)*Average(G9,G10) and then copied that down the column to give AUC values equivalent to those from R. Thank you. The HR was significant for niraparib versus placebo, and was seen in both groups. Neethu, Our confidence in the effect estimate is limited. The data layout matters for calculating RRs. J Natl Cancer Inst 95 (17): 1320-9, 2003. Oza AM, Lisyanskaya AS, Fedenko AA, et al. Time interval and any clinical interventions between index test and reference standard. Please comment on the following analysis: J Clin Oncol 25 (33): 5180-6, 2007. advantage but increased toxic effects of adding epirubicin to the carboplatin plus paclitaxel doublet. A PFS end point was endorsed by the Gynecologic Cancer InterGroup (GCIC), but subsequently it was questioned in a systematic review and meta-analysis conducted by the GCIC. Cerebrovascular diseaserelated MCI and/or dementia was recorded if there was (1) history of stroke temporally related to an abrupt onset of the cognitive disorder, (2) bilateral or multiple infarcts or extensive white-matter hyperintensities on imaging, or (3) physical examination evidence of a typical stroke pattern. The FIGO-approved staging system for ovarian epithelial cancer, fallopian tube cancer (FTC), and primary peritoneal cancer (PPC) is the one most commonly used.[2,3]. The 'prop.table( )' function will calculate these proportions in R: The 'prop.table( )' command calculates proportions from the indicated table; in this example we want to calculate proportions within groups, and the '1' in the 'prop.table( )' example above indicates that we want proportions calculated within groups for the first variable in the table (within group, so we're calculating the percent of males and females within group 1, and the percent of males and females within group 2). The AUC-ROC of the training and validation sets were 0.833 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.793-0.866) and 0.794 (95% CI: 0.727-0.852), respectively, which have an excellent distinguishing ability. Positive Association of Plasma Trimethylamine-N-Oxide and Atherosclerosis in Patient with Acute Coronary Syndrome. This panel is only displayed when disease prevalence and cost parameters are known. In a post hoc analysis of the patients who underwent complete surgical staging, three additional cycles of chemotherapy decreased the risk of recurrence by only 3%. The outcome variable and grouping variable are identified using the 'outcome ~ group' syntax. J Clin Oncol 27 (9): 1419-25, 2009. We believe that the employment of the available results and results of the future large-scale trials into cardiac care guidelines would help reduce the global cost of cardiac care tremendously. : Intraperitoneal chemotherapy in the first-line treatment of women with stage III epithelial ovarian cancer: a systematic review with metaanalyses. The procedure gives a chi-square statistic which is equal to the square of the z-statistic. TPR FTR PFS was the primary outcome, with response rate, OS, safety, and quality of life used as secondary end points. PARP is a family of enzymes involved in base-excision repair of DNA single-strand breaks. Then the range of AUC ROC is .80+-0.05, which ends up with 0.75 to 0.85. Other risk factors for ovarian (epithelial) cancer include the following: The most The DL system achieved 0.924 AUROC [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.915 to 0.933] and 0.720 AUPRC (0.689 to 0.751) area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC ROC), area under the precision-recall curve (AUC PR), sensitivity, and specificity. Treatment options for patients with all stages of ovarian epithelial cancer, fallopian tube cancer (FTC), and primary peritoneal cancer (PPC) have consisted of surgery followed by platinum-based chemotherapy. =(F9-F10)*(G9-G10)/2+G10*(F9-F10), Please consider an extremly simple ROC with the following points: N Engl J Med 381 (25): 2391-2402, 2019. 1-specificity. Exporting the ROC plot to Word or Excel: Due to limitations of web technology, there is no one-step method for exporting the ROC plot to Microsoft Word or Excel. Vergote I, Trop CG, Amant F, et al. To calculate adjusted p-values, first save a vector of un-adjusted p-values. Hilgers RA (1991) Distribution-free confidence bounds for ROC curves. Clamp AR, James EC, McNeish IA, et al. The primary end point was PFS and significantly favored olaparib (19.1 months [95% CI, 16.325.7]) more than placebo (5.5 months [range, 5.25.8 months]; HR, 0.30 [95% CI, 0.220.41]; Serious adverse events were experienced by 18% of patients who received olaparib and by 8% who received placebo. Clin Obstet Gynecol 55 (1): 3-23, 2012. I dont completely understand your question. [4,5], Estimated new cases and deaths from ovarian cancer in the United States in 2022:[5]. Its main cause is atherosclerosis, a disease of the arteries characterized by the deposition of plaques of fatty material on the inner artery walls. Vasey PA, Jayson GC, Gordon A, et al. Easton DF, Bishop DT, Ford D, et al. Hanley JA, McNeil BJ (1982) The meaning and use of the area under a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The adverse events consisted mostly of anemia, abdominal pain, and intestinal obstruction. R will overwrite a file if the name is already in use. The Gynecologic Oncology Group experience. Berek JS, Renz M, Kehoe S, et al. Suppose I use multiple computation to address the issue of missing data, how can I use this data (enter or paste) in determining the ROC using your program? Adverse events were consistent with established safety profiles of olaparib and the chemotherapy comparators, but in this pretreated population, four patients assigned to receive olaparib and three patients assigned to receive chemotherapy developed acute myeloid leukemia (AML)/myelodysplasia; new primary malignancies also occurred in three patients assigned to receive olaparib. The most common grade 3 or 4 postoperative adverse event was hemorrhage in both groups, with 8 women (3%) having this problem with primary cytoreductive surgery versus 14 (6%) in the neoadjuvant chemotherapy group. The 'write.csv( )' command can be used to save an R data frame as a .csv file. The .gov means its official. Background. Trimbos JB, Parmar M, Vergote I, et al. Katsumata N, Yasuda M, Isonishi S, et al. J Natl Cancer Inst 95 (2): 105-12, 2003. The 95% Confidence Interval is the interval in which the true (population) Area under the ROC curve lies with 95% confidence. R assumes you are testing at the two-tailed p=.05 level; you can over-ride these defaults by including sig.level=xx or 'alternative='one.sided'. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Given the overall ANOVA shows significance, we can request pairwise comparisons using Tukey's multiple comparison procedure: Fit: aov(formula = DaysHeal ~ TreatmentF), 2-1 -2.5000000 -5.0937744 0.09377442 0.0627671, 3-1 -3.1666667 -5.7604411 -0.57289224 0.0113209, 4-1 -2.3333333 -4.9271078 0.26044109 0.0927171, 5-1 -1.3333333 -3.9271078 1.26044109 0.5660002, 3-2 -0.6666667 -3.2604411 1.92710776 0.9410027, 4-2 0.1666667 -2.4271078 2.76044109 0.9996956, 5-2 1.1666667 -1.4271078 3.76044109 0.6811222, 4-3 0.8333333 -1.7604411 3.42710776 0.8770466, 5-3 1.8333333 -0.7604411 4.42710776 0.2614661, 5-4 1.0000000 -1.5937744 3.59377442 0.7881333. (n.d.). Here I am assuming Lives is success. Dembo AJ, Davy M, Stenwig AE, et al. Semin Oncol 16 (2 Suppl 5): 7-13, 1989. [53] Patients with a To measure the ability of this panel of 10 phospholipids in the classification of normal versus MCI and/or dementia, we calculated the C statistic from binary logistic regression models with dementia and/or MCI (vs. normal) as the outcome with individual phospholipids modeled as a 1SD difference in the log-transformed phospholipid (unless noted). Patients were randomly assigned to receive either three or six cycles of the combination of paclitaxel (175 mg/m. For example, suppose we have a sample of 5 infants with ages (in months) of 6, 10, 12, 7, 15. [47-51] Patients generally received paclitaxel in front-line induction regimens. Zanetta G, Chiari S, Rota S, et al. The following creates a function to calculate two-tailed p-values from a t-statistic. Pearce CL, Templeman C, Rossing MA, et al. Generally standard deviations and sample size would also be reported, which can be obtained from the sd( ) and length( ) functions. : Survival effect of maximal cytoreductive surgery for advanced ovarian carcinoma during the platinum era: a meta-analysis. The oddsratio.wald( ) command can be used with a per-subject data set or can be used to find the OR and CI from summarized cell counts entered directly into R (see the matrix( ) command described in Section 2.1.6.2). Transdiaphragmatic Does that ROC hv multiple points in curve? For example. This activity was noted in both platinum-sensitive and platinum-resistant subsets. Markman M: Intraperitoneal chemotherapy. The median OS was 15.7 months (95% CI, 12.718.7) for patients who received the combination therapy, 13.1 months (11.815.5) for patients who received pegylated liposomal doxorubicin alone, and 11.8 months (8.914.1) for patients who received avelumab alone. [78], Other drugs used to treat platinum-refractory or platinum-resistant recurrence (efficacy not well defined). Recently, Mapstone et al. Validation When the goodness of fit and discrimination of a model are tested using the data on which the model was developed, they are likely to be over-estimated. Moreover, the cisplatin-only arm was more toxic than the combination of cisplatin (75 mg/m, The Medical Research Council study (MRC-ICON3) compared carboplatin monotherapy with the combination of carboplatin and paclitaxel. The true effect is likely to be substantially different from the esti-mate of the effect . The ARIC investigators. We have published two papers detailing the ALSPAC cohort profile, as well as a short summary outlining recruitment and representativeness.. 4.4 Normal random variables. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 45:23-41. https://www.real-statistics.com/descriptive-statistics/roc-curve-classification-table/roc-and-classification-table-data-analysis-tool/ Based on the evidence, the initial standard treatment for patients with ovarian cancer is the combination of cisplatin or carboplatin with paclitaxel (defined as induction chemotherapy). The proposed estimation of the minimum sample size required for a screening study will range from 22 (Prevalence=90%, H o =0.5 and H a =0.8) to 980 (Prevalence=5%, H o =0.5 and H a =0.7), while the proposed estimation of the minimum sample size for a diagnostic study will range from 34 (Prevalence=90%, H o =0.7 and H a =0.9) to 4860 (Prevalence=5%, H o =0.9 and I have clearly chosen an unfortunate example, especially in this period, although the death of a virus can be viewed as equivalent to the life of a patient. : Long-term results of dose-dense paclitaxel and carboplatin versus conventional paclitaxel and carboplatin for treatment of advanced epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer (JGOG 3016): a randomised, controlled, open-label trial. Lancet Oncol 22 (4): 439-449, 2021. Oza AM, Cibula D, Benzaquen AO, et al. For more information, see the Surgery before or after platinum-based chemotherapy and/or additional consolidation therapy section. : Five-year survival for stage IC or stage I grade 3 epithelial ovarian cancer treated with cisplatin-based chemotherapy. I first printed the 2x2 table as a check, then used the riskratio() function to calculate the relative risk and large sample 95% confidence interval. Charles. Lancet Oncol 15 (11): 1207-14, 2014. Dementia diagnosis was made either (1) by a low MMSE score (<21 in whites, <19 in African Americans), even in the absence of morecomplete cognitive testing, if, in the judgment of the Classification Committee, any prior DWR, DSS, and WF scores were not indicative of dementia, or (2) by meeting all three of the following criteria: FAQ5 or CDR sum of boxes >3, at least two neuropsychiatric cognitive domain scores<1.5, and documented decline in ARIC serial cognitive test battery (as defined above). Acc 94.56 94.12 93.23 94.12 93.56 93.23 93.89, Shipra, Prop 30 is supported by a coalition including CalFire Firefighters, the American Lung Association, environmental organizations, electrical workers and businesses that want to improve Californias air quality by fighting and preventing wildfires and reducing air Lancet Oncol 15 (4): 396-405, 2014. [6] Eligibility criteria differed between each of the trials. Plasma phospholipid trans fatty acids, fatal ischemic heart disease, and sudden cardiac death in older adults the cardiovascular health study. Evidence (other consolidation and/or maintenance therapy): Trials are ongoing with antiangiogenic drugs (other than bevacizumab) and with PARP inhibitors. When combined, these phospholipids had a slightly improved C-statistic of 0.602. The t.test( ) function does not give the means of the two underlying variables (it does give the mean difference) and so I used the mean( ) function to get this descriptive information. AstraZeneca, 2022. This additional information can be obtained using the tapply( ) function as described in Section 7 (in this example, tapply(agewalk,group,sd) will give standard deviations, table(group) will give n's). : Genetic linkage analysis in familial breast and ovarian cancer: results from 214 families. For every possible cut-off point or criterion value you select to discriminate between the two populations, there will be some cases with the disease correctly classified as positive (TP = True Positive fraction), but some cases with the disease will be classified negative (FN = False Negative fraction). Third, we can create a new data frame for a particular subgroup using the subset() function, and then perform analyses on this new data frame. In group 2, 47.1% (8/17) are male. Numerous serious adverse events were recorded in both arms: 61 events for 41 patients in the standard arm and 76 events for 52 patients in the chemotherapy-plus-bevacizumab arm. The fisher.test() function performs Fisher's exact test in R: alternative hypothesis: true odds ratio is not equal to 1. This allows you to save and print R results as part of MS Word documents, or save the text of your R session as a record of your work. Charles. Heterogeneity in age at onset. While variables created in R can be used with existing variables in analyses, the new variables are not automatically associated with a dataframe. After a median follow-up of 41 months, the risk of disease progression or death was 70% lower with olaparib than with a placebo (Kaplan-Meier estimates of PFS at 3 years, 60% vs. 27%; HR, 0.3; 95% CI, 0.230.41; Grades 3 and 4 adverse events were present in 39% of the patients who received olaparib versus 18% who received a placebo. Conclusion. For studies with multiple outcomes, p-values can be adjusted to account for the multiple comparisons issue. An additional consideration for my application is how fast is each measurement approach? You can set the cutoff level to any value that you want. = number; OS = overall survival; PFS = progression-free survival; PLD = pegylated liposomal doxorubicin. Unclassified tumors that cannot be allotted to one of the above groups, Other malignant tumors (malignant tumors other than those of the common epithelial types are not to be included with the categories listed above). The following example analyzes survival for 13 people who were exposed to large doses of radiation during the Chernobyl nuclear accident and received bone marrow transplants (Baranov et.al., NEJM, 1989). 8600 Rockville Pike Results of two prospective randomized trials. R is related to the S statistical language which is commercially available as S-PLUS. Fair enough. : Frequency of symptoms of ovarian cancer in women presenting to primary care clinics. : Olaparib monotherapy in patients with advanced cancer and a germline BRCA1/2 mutation. Evidence (surgery followed by IP chemotherapy): Specifically, the most recent study, GOG-0172, demonstrated the following:[8][Level of evidence A1], An updated combined analysis of GOG-0114 and GOG-0172 included 876 patients with a median follow-up of 10.7 years and reported the following results.[37]. ) can be found at http: //cran.r-project.org ). [ the z-statistic,! Effects via direct drug delivery to peritoneal surfaces 6 with MCI and dementia observations for xvar and. Functions require care when missing data of 151 metabolites, Sotoodehnia N., T.D., respectively considered to be correct final results of the blood supply to the true effect may substantially. [ updated 2014 March 19 ; roc curve 95% confidence interval, Eng, J of aortic A-5180, S780, 2022 and analyzed on a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer ( AB Sciex 6500! 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