Prerequisites: BIOL230, BIOL240, BIOL612 or BIOL630, and PHYS121; or permission of the instructor. [4], The biological pump depends on the fraction of primary produced organic matter that survives degradation in the euphotic zone and that is exported from surface water to the ocean interior, where it is mineralized to inorganic carbon, with the result that carbon is transported against the gradient of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) from the surface to the deep ocean. The tertiary system, although not always included due to costs, is becoming more prevalent to remove nitrogen and phosphorus and to disinfect the water before discharge to a surface water stream or ocean outfall.[23]. It has established a timeline for creating an Index of Coastal Eutrophication and Floating Plastic Debris Density (ICEP) within Sustainable Development Goal 14 (life below water). The growth of dense algae in surface waters can shade the deeper water and reduce the viability of benthic shelter plants with resultant impacts on the wider ecosystem. A minimum of 9 semester hours in the major and 6 semester hours in the minor in biology must be taken at UAB. Water pollution (or aquatic pollution) is the contamination of water bodies, usually as a result of human activities, so that it negatively affects its uses. The carbonate pump is sometimes referred to as the hard tissue component of the biological pump. BY495. Overall, the pump transfers about 11 gigatonnes of carbon every year into the ocean's interior. [2], Carlson's index was proposed by Robert Carlson in his 1977 seminal paper, "A trophic state index for lakes". 0 Hours. [77][78][79] Additionally, studies have demonstrated seaweed's potential to improve nitrogen levels.[80]. Biological Experimental Design and Methods. Prerequisite: One college-level biology or environmentally-oriented course. Tsai, An-Yi, Gwo-Ching Gong, and Yu-Wen Huang. Prerequisites: BY256 [Min Grade: D], Selected topics of toxicology as related to the coastal environment and marine organisms. alum, aluminium sulfate,[95]) minerals, natural clays and local soils, industrial waste products, modified clays (e.g. Invertebrate Zoology Laboratory. Extra fee required. Energy enters the system through photosynthesis and is incorporated into plant tissue. BIOL671 Ecology and Evolution of Marine Systems II (Units: 6). In the United States, the most well known inter-state effort to prevent eutrophication is the Chesapeake Bay.[70]. [141] In a 2017 study, Jensen et al. 4 Hours. (1990) Concepts in wetland ecology. The word engineer was not used to reference public works until the 16th century; and it likely entered the popular vernacular as meaning a contriver of public works during John Smeaton's time. Robinson, Carol, and Nagappa Ramaiah. The algae engage in photosynthesis which supplies oxygen to the fish and biota which inhabit these waters. Prerequisites: BY123 [Min Grade: C]. Junior or senior standing, minimum GPA of 3.5, completed application and acceptance into the internship program required. [1][2] Environmental engineering is a sub-discipline of civil engineering and chemical engineering. expressed the efficiency of the biological pump as the amount of carbon exported from the surface layer (export production) divided by the total amount produced by photosynthesis (overall production). They hypothesized that the higher density of calcium carbonate compared to that of opal and the higher abundance of calcium carbonate relative to terrigenous material might be the reason for the efficient ballasting by calcium carbonate. London: John Murray. Determining biogeographical patterns of dispersal and diversification in oscine passerine birds in Australia, Southeast Asia and Africa. Lakes are net emitters of methane, and organic and inorganic carbon (dissolved and particulate) flow into the ocean through freshwater systems. Lecture and field study of adaptations of vertebrate classes for survival in particular environments. The ratio of carbon to nitrogen and phosphorus varies from place to place,[13] but has an average ratio near 106C:16N:1P, known as the Redfield ratio. Conversely, if the incorporation of minerals increases the aggregate density, its size-specific sinking velocity may also increase, which could potentially increase the carbon export. CH461 is only offered in the fall. BY398. In this course, students will be introduced not only to plant biology, but also to plant-specific concepts and techniques in molecular biology and genetics. Similarly in marine systems, both increasing nutrient concentrations and isolation of bodies of water from contact with the atmosphere, can lead to depletion of oxygen which can make these waters inhospitable to fish and invertebrates. It is this aggregation that gives particles a better chance of escaping predation and decomposition in the water column and eventually making it to the sea floor. Red algae, or Rhodophyta (/ r o d f t /, / r o d f a t /; from Ancient Greek (rhdon) 'rose', and (phutn) 'plant'), are one of the oldest groups of eukaryotic algae. ) (2006), Burkholder, JoAnn M. and Sandra E. Shumway. [81] The export efficiency of particulate organic carbon (POC) shows regional variability. Prerequisites: BY124 [Min Grade: D]. A water body situated in a nutrient-rich region with high net primary productivity may be naturally eutrophic. Lecture and film. A minimum of six semester hours in the minor must be taken at UAB. Lecture. Descriptive study of the oceanology of the Gulf of Mexico and adjacent waters, including coastal zone, continental shelf, and deep ocean. In ecology, the term habitat summarises the array of resources, physical and biotic factors that are present in an area, such as to support the survival and reproduction of a particular species.A species habitat can be seen as the physical manifestation of its ecological niche.Thus "habitat" is a species-specific term, fundamentally different from concepts such as environment or Free-flowing rivers (FFRs) support diverse, complex and dynamic ecosystems globally, providing important societal and economic services. In K. H. Brink and A. R. Robinson (eds.). BY220. Principles of DNA Technology. This largely influenced Charles Darwin in his development of the theory of evolution. [29] Not knowing that at the time of dispersal, the Indian Ocean was much narrower than it is today, and that South America was closer to the Antarctic, one would be hard pressed to explain the presence of many "ancient" lineages of perching birds in Africa, as well as the mainly South American distribution of the suboscines. [133] Some research suggests that a link between elevated CO2 and marine primary production exists. The portion of carbon that leaves the surface mixed layer of the ocean is sometimes considered "sequestered", and essentially removed from contact with the atmosphere for many centuries. Prerequisite for BIOL715: Graduate standing or permission of the instructor. Phytogeography is the branch of biogeography that studies the distribution of plants. [4] They also built an underground sewer system as early as the 7th century B.C.E. At present, about one third (approximately 2 Pg C y1 = 2 1015 grams of carbon per year)[131][132][unreliable source?] [18], The field emerged as a separate academic discipline during the middle of the 20th century in response to widespread public concern about water and air pollution and other environmental degradation. Therefore, there is still a need for better quantitative investigations of how the interactions between minerals and organic aggregates affect the degradation and sinking velocity of the aggregates and, hence, carbon sequestration in the ocean.[62][49]. The DOM recycled by the viral shunt pathway is comparable to the amount generated by the other main sources of marine DOM. [65] This provides the most nutrients available for primary producers within the photic zone, though it leaves the upper surface waters starved of inorganic nutrients. Course is taught at Dauphin Island Sea Lab. The students will learn laboratory skills in molecular genetics by producing the reagents such as plasmid constructs or recombinant proteins. 3 Hours. This relationship is expressed in the following equation: A lake is usually classified as being in one of three possible classes: oligotrophic, mesotrophic or eutrophic. 0 Hours. Assumes no Advanced Placement (AP), Dual Enrollment, International Baccalaureate (IB), or College Level Examination Program (CLEP) credit. The Rhodophyta also comprises one of the largest phyla of algae, containing over 7,000 currently recognized species with taxonomic revisions ongoing. Lecture and student projects. Biochemistry & M.S. The application of island biogeography theory to habitat fragments spurred the development of the fields of conservation biology and landscape ecology. Prerequisites: GE Areas A1*, A2*, A3*, and B4* all with grades of C- or better; BIOL100 or equivalent*; or permission of the instructor. Prerequisites: Upper-division standing; GE Area A2; BIOL230 and BIOL240; GPA of 3.0 or higher; permission of the instructor. Select one of the following (only one capstone course can count toward the major): Biology Majors must complete 40 hours in Biology courses. BY108. [17] This biologically fixed carbon is used as a protective coating for many planktonic species (coccolithophores, foraminifera) as well as larger marine organisms (mollusk shells). It also asks Why? That is what some prominent aging researchers believe. C WebEnvironmental engineering is a professional engineering discipline that encompasses broad scientific topics like chemistry, biology, ecology, geology, hydraulics, hydrology, microbiology, and mathematics to create solutions that will protect and also improve the health of living organisms and improve the quality of the environment. Colombia. Prerequisites: BY256 [Min Grade: C]. Invertebrates, vertebrates, and marine plants. Lecture and laboratory. One example is the widespread application of the pesticide DDT to control agricultural pests in the years following World War II. : 459 Water bodies with very low nutrient levels are termed oligotrophic and those with [61] However, it has also been shown that incorporation of minerals can cause aggregates to fragment into smaller and denser aggregates. WebBIOL 315 Field Methods in Ecology and Evolution (Unit: 1) Prerequisite for BIOL 715: Graduate standing or permission of the instructor. For example, sewage treatment plants can be upgraded for biological nutrient removal so that they discharge much less nitrogen and phosphorus to the receiving water body. [26], Although eutrophication is commonly caused by human activities, it can also be a natural process, particularly in lakes. BY444. Prerequisites: An upper-division genetics course; permission of the instructor. They evaluate hazardous-waste management systems to evaluate the severity of such hazards, advise on treatment and containment, and develop regulations to prevent mishaps. There are multiple different ways to fix cultural eutrophication with raw sewage being a point source of pollution. Scientists have developed air pollution dispersion models to evaluate the concentration of a pollutant at a receptor or the impact on overall air quality from vehicle exhausts and industrial flue gas stack emissions. Nutrient bioextraction or bioharvesting is the practice of farming and harvesting shellfish and seaweed for the purpose of removing nitrogen and other nutrients from natural water bodies. Hypereutrophic lakes have a visibility depth of less than 3 feet (90cm), they have greater than 40 micrograms/litre total chlorophyll and greater than 100 micrograms/litre phosphorus. This course is targeted for senior undergraduate students who are interested in current topics of Cell Biology and have successfully completed undergraduate courses in genetics and cell biology. Intended for graduate Biology and Genetic Counseling students. BY485. 0 Hours. Biology Majors must complete 40 hours of Biology courses approved for the major. [108] These events provide nutrition to benthic megafauna and bacteria. Histology Laboratory. Thus, the biological carbon pump maintains a vertical gradient in the concentration of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), with higher values at increased ocean depth. 18 hours Marine Science (MESC) courses (taken summers at sea lab) contribute to 40 hours in Biology. Prerequisite: Restricted to graduate Biology students or permission of the instructor. [113] It has been estimated that, in terms of carbon sequestration, one whale is equivalent to thousands of trees. in Anthropology SF Scholars Roadmap, Bachelor of Arts in Art: Concentration in Art History and Studio Art, Bachelor of Arts in Art: Concentration in Studio Art, Broadcast and Electronic Communication Arts, Bachelor of Arts in Broadcast and Electronic Communication Arts, Master of Arts in Broadcast and Electronic Communication Arts, Master of Fine Arts in Broadcast & Electronic Communication Arts, Bachelor of Arts in Communication Studies, Bachelor of Arts in Comparative and World Literature, Minor in Comparative and World Literature, Bachelor of Science in Industrial Design: Concentration in Product Design and Development, Bachelor of Science in Visual Communication Design, Bachelor of Arts in English: Concentration in English Education, BA English Education & MA Linguistics SF State Scholars Roadmap, BA English Education & MA TESOL SF Scholars Roadmap, BA English Education & MA Composition SF Scholars Roadmap, Bachelor of Arts in English: Concentration in Linguistics, BA English & MA Linguistics SF State Scholars Roadmap, BA English & MA TESOL SF State Scholars Roadmap, BA English & MA Composition SF State Scholars Roadmap, Bachelor of Arts in English: Concentration in Literature, BA Literature & MA Linguistics SF State Scholars Roadmap, BA Literature & MA TESOL SF State Scholars Roadmap, BA Literature & MA Composition SF State Scholars Roadmap, Bachelor of Arts in English: Concentration in Professional Writing and Rhetoric, BA Writing and Rhetoric & MA Linguistics SF State Scholars Roadmap, BA Writing and Rhetoric & MA TESOL SF State Scholars Roadmap, BA Writing and Rhetoric & MA Composition SF State Scholars Roadmap, Undergraduate Certificate in Computational Linguistics, Graduate Certificate in Computational Linguistics, Certificate in Teaching Post-Secondary Reading, Certificate in Technical and Professional Writing, Certificate in the Teaching of Composition, Certificate of Special Study in Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages, Master of Arts in English: Concentration in Composition, Master of Arts in English: Concentration in Linguistics, Master of Arts in English: Concentration in Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages, Minor in Professional Writing and Rhetoric, Certificate in Historical Research (Honors), Graduate Certificate in History Education, Bachelor of Arts in Liberal Studies Integrated Teacher Preparation, Bachelor of Arts in International Relations, International Relations SF State Scholar Roadmap, Master of Arts in International Relations, Minor in Global Peace, Human Rights, and Justice Studies, Certificate in Migration and Refugee Studies, Bachelor of Arts in Modern Jewish Studies, Bachelor of Arts in Bilingual Spanish Journalism, Bachelor of Arts in Journalism: Concentration in Photojournalism, Bachelor of Arts in Journalism: Concentration in Print and Online Journalism, Bachelor of Arts in Chinese: Concentration in Chinese Language, Bachelor of Arts in Chinese: Concentration in Chinese Literature & Linguistics, Bachelor of Arts in Chinese: Concentration in Flagship Chinese Language, Minor in Chinese Literature and Linguistics, Modern Language Learning and Teaching Certificate, Bachelor of Arts in Philosophy and Religion, Bachelor of Arts in Philosophy: Concentration in Philosophy and Law, QR CAT III/IV & Stretch English Roadmap, Master of Fine Arts in Theatre Arts: Concentration in Design/Technical Production, Bachelor of Arts in Women and Gender Studies, Master of Arts in Women and Gender Studies, Bachelor of Science in Biology: Concentration in Cell and Molecular Biology, Bachelor of Science in Biology: Concentration in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology, Bachelor of Science in Biology: Concentration in Marine Science, BS Biology: Marine Science & Interdisciplinary Marine & Estuarine Sciences SF Scholars Roadmap, Bachelor of Science in Biology: Concentration in Microbiology, Bachelor of Science in Biology: Concentration in Physiology, Master of Science in Biology: Concentration in Cell and Molecular Biology, Master of Science in Biology: Concentration in Integrative Biology, Master of Science in Biology: Concentration in Physiology and Behavioral Biology, Master of Science in Biomedical Science: Concentration in Biotechnology, Master of Science in Biomedical Science: Concentration in Stem Cell Science, B.S.
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