It helps to control the values of our data fields. The most significant benefit of abstraction is that it reduces unnecessary complexity. Moreover, you will also work on several projects and assignments that will enhance your CV. However, it can access the toggleEngine method defined in the parent class (Car) to mutate the state. It is the most important pillar in OOPS. Read our Popular Articles related to Software Development When combined with abstraction, encapsulation in Java becomes a useful technique for easily hiding data and reducing code complexity. int main() It has no impact on the operation of any other process. by upGrad is ideal for working professionals and freshers who wish to acquire practical skills related to software development. Similarly, we can wrap data and code as a single unit and secure it from outside code using Encapsulation. } It means that the properties or the nature of an object are encapsulated within it. Encapsulation - OOPs Principle Encapsulation in Java is a mechanism of wrapping the data ( variables ) and code acting on the data ( methods ) together as a single unit. It is a mechanism in which data and code which manipulate this data are enclosed into a single unit. Data Structures and Algorithms Look at the below program: CPP #include<iostream> Let's see an example: For example, we may create piece of code that calls specific data from a database. The encapsulated code can also be re-used because it is hidden from the external environment. Encapsulation is one of the key concepts in the OOP paradigm, the other three are Abstraction, Inheritance, and Polymorphism. Setters must be bound to accept only one parameter and should not have a return type return nothing. Simple Example of Encapsulation in real life is - A Capsule, several medicines are wrapped into one outer layer. In Python, encapsulation is one of the fundamental concepts and it can also be referred to as implementing data hiding and abstraction concepts together. JDKs BorderFactory class is a clear illustration of encapsulation in Java since it generates various forms of Border and encapsulates the Border formation logic. Output Example #3 PHP example and output below. return $this -> numbers; print(self._first) $ecap -> setPoints(23.41); Consider a Capsule as an example (Medicine). 2. Learn more about OOP: What is Object-Oriented Programming. The programmer decides whether certain attributes of the class can be changed or not from outside the class. The . return variable_name; The Object Oriented Language is basically a style of programming. . However, in abstraction, the idea is to keep irrelevant information away from the users and enhance simple usage. The above example shows in the PHP programming language. $this->numbers = $numbers; Problems are addressed at the implementation stage during encapsulation. Polymorphism means that the correct procedure is implemented depending on the form of the calling object.Encapsulation is the binding of data with the code that manipulates it. Each knowledge hiding and encapsulation make use of associated ideas.