The Community Action Agency operates a less extensive housing aid program. To view the complete article, you must click on an article in the results list. At the same time, the amount available overall for loans has decreased from about $500,000 within the last decade to this year's $347,000. Courtesy of: JSU Houston Cole Library Share Page OCR Text Anniston Star (Newspaper) - August 1, 1970, Anniston, Alabama A Alabama s largest Home owned newspaper vol. Enter some keywords in the search box and click the Search button on the form. WATSON, David Noel. Page 10A The Anniston Star, Friday, Jan. 1671987 Obituaries I .7 ' Barnes "" Services for Mitchell Hudson Barnes, 88, of 1610 Cobb Ave., Anniston, will be Saturday at 2 p.m. at Mount Calvary. Greater Anniston obituaries from the The Anniston Star and other Alabama obituary sources. If you are having trouble finding just the right search terms to use, or if you are trying to narrow your search to find just the right set of articles, try using our advanced search features. Searching the archives is free, but you must pay to view the full text of the articles. October 20, 2022 (88 years old) View obituary. Select the Privacypanel. Anniston Star obits are an excellent source of information about those long-lost family members in Anniston, Alabama.With the Anniston.The Anniston Star Place an Obituary 860 Results Date Range Last 12 months All Today Frank Boswell Funeral service for Mr. Frank Boswell will be at 11:00 am on Saturday, June 18, 2022, at Anniston.. 1988 Housing Continued from Page 1 repairi. Download and save a full page, or a clipped portion of the page, to your computer or device as a PDF or image (JPEG) file. According to 1980 Census figures, 27 percent of owner-occupied ,. Use the plus and minus buttons to zoom in and out. Shedeur Sanders threw a touchdown pass and Alejandro Mata kicked three short field goals to lead Jackson State to a 16-3 victory over Tennessee State in the Southern. "When it gets cold, you have to nail down and close down rooms just to stay warm," said Diane Trammell, another west Anniston renter. SEARCH SESSION EXPIRED: The "search session expired" message is actually a technical problem usually caused by an overload of history and temporary internet files stored within your browser. A Sat., May 21 5" A AM y-0 i jn Huge Discounts Rain or Shine y We Are Closing Out Our Complete Line Of Brand New 1988 Model: Quasar TV's & VCR's Pioneer Home Stereos JVC Home Stereos Technics Home Stereo HURRY-QUANTITIES ARE LIMITED!! Select. Please contact the newspaper directly to inquire about the availability of this type of reprint. Would you like to receive our daily list of top stories in local news, sports, features and opinion? Usernames and passwords are case sensitive. Sunny. At the current rate, 30 or fewer households would receive help each year. In the "Privacy" section, click Content settings. Six prep storylines: Playoff time for 15 area teams, title time for JCA, Prep football: Complete pairings for this week's first-round playoff games, Jacksonville has makings of team that can advance, Final ASWA poll: Anniston closes at No. Posts Tagged. Just click on the headline link for the listing of the article you want. It's Travelin' With Joe, Day 3, with Star Sports Writer Joe Medley and White Plains football coach Chandler Tyree!. how to cure irregular periods in teenage girl naturally More than 95% of our online database cannot be accessed via any other platform. Now you can look up Anniston obits and track down your bloodline in Alabama in a matter of seconds. While the CAA's funds almost always are distributed to owner-occupied houses, there is a city-operated program that applies to rental property alone. There have been 68 Inspections of new houses so far, and the building season has just begun. Even In owner-occupied houses In these deteriorating, mostly black and low-Income neighborhoods, high costs often make proper maintenance Impossible. Next year, only $297,000 will be available. My search results returned no articles or I received an error message that I did not understand. You should clear both of those items from your browser then exit the browser and try again. If you need help with your archive account,Contact Us. Pastor Michael J. Brooks: How then should we worship? FT. o icenier U7 ". All inventory includes groceries, tools, hardware, plumbing equipment, most fixtures, some antiques and collectibles. Create your own metadata "title and description" and save the clipping in your File box. Searching for any of your terms or using "or" to connect your terms will increase, not decrease, the number of articles found. Reposition the Image in the Image View Pane City Inspectors are overburdened and unable to aggressively attack the problem. This usually indicates a list of short news items. The large number of rental houses about 40 percent of the citywlde total also contributes, particularly when the homeowners live In other cities or states. Anniston Star Obituaries (1998 - 2022) - Anniston, AL Still, owners have four more months to act before the city steps In. Use the clipping tool to outline and clip an article, photo, advertisement, or other page image. By Mark Edwards, Senior Editor, medwards@annistonstar.com. The VA presumes service connection for veterans who served in certain areas during specific periods of the Vietnam War era and have been diagnosed with one of the recognized conditions on the presumptive list . Information regarding access and use for institutions is available by contacting NewsBank at 800-762-8182 or email sales@newsbank.com. We came out to hear some good Christian music and to celebrate my birthday, said Tiffinee Tucker of Alexandria. Pastor Michael J. Brooks: Made in America, BELLA ITALIA: One local familys spiritual pilgrimage, Pastor Michael J. Brooks: God don't do trainwrecks, 1301 Booger Hollow Road, Anniston, AL 36207. Currently, our staff does not provide a service to help locate articles. If you do not receive the complete text of the article you want, you can click on it again. What should I do? Federal programs can help Improve substandard housing, but even they may be little more than a quick fix. Does your service provide the photographs as well as the text? In his six-month tenure, he has not condemned an occupied house. The newspapers can be browsed or searched using a computer-generated index. How can I do that? About the The Anniston Star Archive Pages Available 849,438 Years Available 1887-2017 . Bradford, the CAA's housing director. If you are using advanced syntax, you may receive a syntax error if your search is constructed incorrectly. Anniston, AL K.L. At GenealogyBank, we have made family research easy by digitizing more than 330 years' worth of Anniston obituaries in our national newspaper database. We've got the first-round pairings for the state football playoffs, which begin next Friday. Other duties make much Initiative on the Inspector's part Impossible, he says. The city's efforts wlllaffect only the worst, and usually vacant, housing. If you have checked all the above and still cannot access your content, please send e-mail to newslibrary@newsbank.com. Something went wrong, or I am unhappy with the article. Pricing for articles begins at $3.95 per document, and a number of package options are available, including a monthly subscription. Others, on the demolition list are structures that have been gutted by fire On top of those limitations, to demolish a house takes at least nine months of legal preparations, says City Planner Sam Gaston. housing and 24 percent of rental units were built before 1939. 184 pages; 1909 - 1911 . No. Payment is by credit card. 1,353 talking about this. Refer to the search help page and try your search again. "If you're having to pay a plumber $25 an hour to work on a $50 a month house, you've just lost half a month," says one Anniston property manager. To view our latest e-Edition click the image on the left. Mary Helen Tankersley Legg. Browse 1973 Anniston Star at NewspaperArchive.com the world's leading resource of historical newspaper archives in 1973!. Rick Pietri has four starters back from last season's 24-win women's basketball team, but in Tuesday's exhibition opener, only . The archives contain most, but not all, of the articles published by your newspaper, and cover only the more recent years of publication. The accuracy of the index varies according to the quality of the original images. May 15. Retail .JUtPJ rUJ $375 fc-j -w Li $49 W Closer To Tht Musical Truth Stereo VCR Double Cassette Deck Z,$3S31$11 ID 16 :3l it: ! The Vault is a keyword-searchable archive of The Anniston Star, including editions from 1900 through the present year. Photo Gallery: City of Anniston's annual trick-or-treat at city hall Monday afternoon. You'll then be able to get full text of the article by using your credit card. Last week, after months of legal work, the council neared the final stage of demolishing seven houses. An email has been sent to with a link to confirm list signup. The Semi-Weekly Republic i. A two-bedroom unit, with federal subsidies, can bring the landlord as much as $328 a month. In a typical scenario, the original owners often cannot afford proper maintenance, he says. Can you give me any advice? Used by millions every month for genealogy and family history, historical research, crime investigations, journalism, and entertainment. r/boyslove. t Locations To Serve You ANNISTON GADSDEN 1M1 Noble St. W17 Rainbow Drive (AcrMf frwa Tb FliktrniM) M3-I7U3 or M3-Z710 Statewide: 1-800-HI-KEMPS As added incentive, apartments or houses rehabilitated under the program can qualify for Section 8 rent subsidies, which keep tenants' share of rent low, but give the landlord much more rent than would be otherwise possible. Dates: Location: Bennit Andrew . Explore life stories, offer tributes/condolences, send flowers or create a lasting online memorial for. RMC provides a full-featured MOODLE installation v3.5 for use by RMC's instructors and students, as well as external participants..Moodle provides a fully interactive. physical therapy vs chiropractor; define expenditure he disappeared because he got scared he disappeared because he got scared Anniston Star, The (1987 - Current) Cleburne News, The (1999 - 2021) Daily Home, The (1998 - Current) Jacksonville News, The (1998 - 2018) News Journal (2018 - Current) Piedmont Journal, The (2010 - 2018) St. Clair Times, The (2001 - Current) 31, 1929, in Wayne County to Ernest and Hazel (Legg) Feather. "Most of the houses, we have to turn down. I love the creepy costumes and the fun festivals, and I am even in love with pumpkin spice. Anniston Star newspaper was located in Anniston, Alabama. mm w LADIES' or OB NTS' ALL STYLES IN STOCK ANNISTON S DISCOUN1 JtWELRY STORE 2105 QUINTARD AVI. Read 1923-2013 Anniston Star Newspaper Archives from Anniston, Alabama. Explore life stories, offer tributes/condolences, send flowers or create a lasting online memorial for . This weeks Alabama Sports Writers Association high school football rankings, the last of the season, with first-place votes, win-loss record and total poll points: A medical cannabis dispensary will be legal in Anniston city limits thanks to an ordinance the Anniston City Council unanimously approved Tuesday night. The largest online newspaper archive, established in 2012. But he draws some satisfaction In knowing that the units must meet federal standards to be eligible. Editorial: Beware of Putin wing of Republican Party. But city officials say they are alleviating some poor housing conditions, albeit slowly. Success! Since the results page will typically show you no more that the first 100 or so words of the article, the number of words in the entire article will be a good indication as to how much more information you will receive. Sunday. About the The Anniston Star Archive Pages Available 849,438 Years Available 1887-2017 . These programs simply cannot provide enough loans and grants to meet all needs. Find marriage, birth, obituaries, local news, sports and more for people. The archives contain most, but not all, of the articles published by your newspaper, and cover only the more recent years of publication. Sign up today! Resize the Image From that moment, until the day after hatching, she never once left the nest. The drawback for tenants, again, Is slow turnovers and long waiting lists. Anniston, Alabama. Use "more options" with the search box to find articles in one or more of these archives. n (T d3 j4, Get access to this page with a Free Trial, Millions of additional pages added every month, Exclusive licensed content from premium publishers like the. A full-text article that I purchased makes reference to a photograph or graphic, and it even includes the caption for that photograph. Royer previously served as a weeknight anchor and reporter at University of Alabama's WVUA 23 News . However, like last year, the six-foot wide nest of woven reeds was Interspersed with plastic shopping bags and other debris and surrounded by plastic bottles, potato chip bags, broken glass and beer cans. The city received $150,000 this year for the federal program, enough for 30 units. A daily newspaper serving East Alabama with news, sports, opinion and entertainment, plus classifieds, real estate and. Click and drag, using your mouse, to move the page image in your window. Use the information from the article to refer to the photograph you desire. High 78F. 1 hr ago. When choosing the articles you would like to purchase, make note of the word count listed with the article on the search results page. Because of poor construction and insulation in older houses, it's not uncommon to find people who pay $100 in monthly rent and almost $200 for gas bills in winter months, says Anniston real estate agent Hansler Bealyer. "At least," he says, "the people are living In decent homes." Step One - Begin by entering the first and last names of your relative. Start a new search session if you have not clicked any buttons for a while. Search; Browse; Papers; Clippings; Join If you want to republish an article in print or electronically, you must get permission from the newspaper. Senoir Cleophus Thomas. Jump to content. Anniston Star (Newspaper) - March 4, 1924, Anniston, Alabama Tuesday Mauch 4. Indeed, Nix's house is the extreme, not the norm. If you successfully retrieved an article, you are not entitled to a refund, even if that article did not contain the information you were looking for. When you click on a result for a digitized article, you will see an image of the article you chose, within the page where it originally appeared. If you need to find an article which you believe was published but is not in the database, your newspaper may provide additional search service at an hourly rate. This online archive is for access and use only by individuals for personal use. The swans, which flew to the Brooklyn park two years ago, were more careful In choosing a site for this year's nest, placing It deep In reeds at the edge of an Island that, was not easily accessible by paddle boat. Click on the Toolsmenu and then select OptionsOn the menu bar. But low-value property remains a high-priority problem for those who must turn a shoulder to the cold winds of misfortune. 325anniston, ala., saturday August i 1970 a prick to cents reds launch big cambodian push by John t. Mac Campbell ( Alexandria High, UAB) The case for Campbell: Became first player from Calhoun. Anniston Councilman Chester Weeks, for one, la concerned about the large rents that landlords receive. Meanwhile, the problem of rundown, occupied houses remains. That's up, though, from last year's $60,000. Gloria Ruth Whaley. The archive contains articles from1987 to current. Under the program for owner-occupied houses, up to $14,000 can be borrowed for repairs. Between 250 and 300 of those are still on waiting lists, housing officials say. Ugly ducklings get New York swan song By JANE E. BRODY New York Times Writer NEW YORK - To nature lovers, a twice-told tale Is far from tedious. For the second year In a row, the only nesting pair of swans In New York City has produced a new family In Prospect Park Lake. For technical or billing issues, please contact Archive Customer Support. TO: BRENDfi SMITH HRPPV B I RTHDRV TO A GREAT lion RND R L0UING UIFEI FROM V0UR FAMILY QUINCY, ALISHR, PHILIP, BR I RNj TOBY & SEBRSTIRN ATMC Jim. These archives are a self-service system. Greater Anniston obituaries from the The Anniston Star and other Alabama obituary sources. Prospective homebuyers usually don't want to buy into a deteriorating neighborhood, Bealyer says, and those who do often find they are unable to because of their financial condition and because banks don't like to finance low-value homes. Brown Memory Chapel - Anniston Add Photos Add a Memory John Lewis Richardson John Lewis Richardson, age 90, passed away peacefully on October 11, 2022 in Jacksonville,. You may also save the article to another file type, such as PDF, through your browser's print function. I would like to get a hard copy of an article. Newspapers.com makes these newspapers available for the purpose of historical research, and is not responsible for the content of any newspapers archived at our site. How do I get the complete text of the article I want? All Day 7l OA B. And some figures are improving. vQ slpii7 vn ISsvSi Retail gSCgO) Reg. Some newspaper articles are longer than others, while some are short news items called "briefs." Onco They're Gone-THAT'S ITI Here Are Just A Few Examples Of The Savings: CD PIONEER' fla The futuraof sound and vWon. The East Alabama Commission, In Its 1986 visual survey of housing, found 51 houses In the city it classified as dilapidated. You'll get more accurate results if you also have a middle name. The Anniston Star (AL) archive contains articles from the publications below. Mike Beecham, the artistic director of the Theatre of Gadsden, grew up with his dad telling him ghost stories about the infamous 1959 ax-murder case of Viola Hyatt. You probably have seen these in the printed newspaper in the business or international sections. Then utilize your browser's Print function to print a hard copy of the newspaper article that you have purchased. This online archive is for access and use only by individuals for personal use. Some newspapers will not archive stock quotes, sports scores, death notices or classified ads. Please check to make sure your browser is accepting cookies. Most believe the number of problem houses falls somewhere between the two extremes and still just beyond the grasp of the occupants' and government's ability to fight back. Searching is free and unlimited. These archives are a self-service system. And for those who do receive funds, $14,000 Is often inadequate to cover many needed repairs. "All they want is their rent money," says Nix, who pays $50 a month for his west Annlston home. Add more terms to your search and be sure to search for all of the terms or connect them with "and." 1921 the Anniston Stam a tilt if Lup my rpm Man i i 411 a stud Noi Woi to it Britt a it snv3b Willy wjj3 flda Hoo Quot to foot j5friin Sung this Sylt a Haku rat witness knows Susie Lee not Elaine Harris a Oleen Oscar Hysmith presents Strong evidence for defense in Beverly Harris suit Correct ii a til Simmio left and . Explore the The Anniston Star online newspaper archive. After 10 years, If the owner still lives in the house, all of the loan Is forgiven. Would you like to receive our daily list of top stories in local news, sports, features and opinion? It Is also costly: The city's commitment of $15,000 this year and the same amount next year will only pay to tear down 30 to 35 houses, Gaston says. Once again, The Stars coverage area is rich in playoff teams, with 15 of 22 football-playing schools in the area making the postseason. On the left side you will find our support e-mail link. Include your full name, username, browser type, browser version and a brief description of the problem. Annistonstar.newspapers.com created by Internet Express, Inc..Site is running on IP address 104.16.207.8, host name 104.16.207.8 ( United States) ping response time 6ms Excellent ping.Current Global rank is 6,568, site estimated value 341,064$ Anniston Star, The (1987 - Current) Cleburne News, The (1999 - Current) Daily Home, The (1998 - Current) Jacksonville News, The (1998 - 2018) News Journal (2018 - Current) anniston /gadsden's all-time best football player candidates. The full-text archives contain only the text of the articles that appeared in the newspaper. Also, make sure you distinguish between the number zero '0' and the upper-case letter 'O'. The Anniston Star was published in Anniston, Alabama and with 849,438 searchable pages from 1887-2017. Note: Reprints, or copies of newspaper pages, are not available through our archives. 88, no. Local housing officials say they last accepted applications to the program last August. About the The Anniston Star Archive Pages Available 849,438 Years Available 1887-2017 . There are limitations to the federal programs as well, notably Inadequate funding and long waiting lists. "The celling In the bathroom needs to be fixed, but they don't want to pay the money to fix It," Nix says. Error! Low around 55F. Share the page image by copying and pasting a URL as a direct link, or share via Facebook or Twitter. Mccoy Guthrie and w. S. Talmadge officiating. New construction also falls under Thompson's jurisdiction as housing Inspector, and work in that area Is up by 51 percent over last year, the city says. The archive contains articles from1987 to current. 2022 yamaha xsr900 seat cowl. The Anniston Star was published in Anniston, Alabama and with 849,438 searchable pages from . Gaston estimates there are between three and five Inspections a month, usually conducted after complaints from neighbors or tenants. Search for obituaries, marriage announcements, birth announcements, social pages, national and local news articles, sports, advertisements, entertainment, fashion and lifestyle pages, comics, and more. Last May, In what officials said was the first known breeding by wans In mld-cfty In decades, five of the fluffy gray babies with black bills emerged from five tan, speckled eggs. When entering your password, make sure your Caps Lock key is not on. Landlords can receive up to $5,000 for repairs, provided they match at least that amount. Anniston Star (Newspaper) - November 22, 1963, Anniston, Alabama W George Smith sports editor the Star his Talladega tigers unbeaten state champs coaches dream was a Long time coming for buddy Taylor but it did get Here a is Iii Talladega a Christmas came Early for coach buddy Taylor of the Talladega tigers. If your search terms are too broad and would require the service to find too many related articles, you will be told that your search is too general. THE ANNISTON STAR OCTOBER 27, 1997 OBITUARIES CLAYTON, Services for Douglas Calyton, 62, . The houses are likely to become rental property for several reasons. You may purchase individual articles or select a package for multiple articles. More could be done for substandard housing, Thompson says, If the city hired an Inspector specifically to find already occupied substandard homes. annistonstar.com | Local News, Business, Sports, Entertainment, Events Top five stories Editor James Bennett's column: Be ready for whatever comes next October is a month when newspaper editors. What are my options? Winds light and variable. Please note that photos, charts, and graphics are not included. Don't confuse your password with the password hint that you entered; this is not used for viewing articles. How do I set up an account? Please contact your newspaper for details. There is a small fee for complete articles retrieved from our archive. You can also use copy and paste to transfer the document into another application such as Word or Notepad. 11 L"""IL "--KM mm u CD in Cragford, Alabama (2 Miles West of Harris Dam) - HUGE DISCOUNTS - Fri., May 20th, & Sat., May 21st Only! These are digitized versions of the print edition of The Star, so. Sometimes a piece of property remains In the hands of out-of-state residents because they're accustomed to high property values elsewhere and overestimate their Annliton property's worth. If the viewings are more than 24 hours apart, you will be charged again. Lilly Armstrong Funeral Notice 14.05.1934 - 29.09.2021 09/09/2021 Philip Cecil JONES Philip Cecil JONES (Big Phil, Phil, Ffrrr, Dad Dad) 10.2.1964 - 26.8.2021 Surfed on through to the other side. Although the city Intends to continue with the demolition program, It only attacks a small portion of the housing problem. Open Settings 2. "When you try to stretch the rules, reach some people really needing help, they're not satisfied, you're not satisfied and you've broken some rules In the process." Not until the last egg was laid on March 31 did the female begin Incubating them. Designer Checks in 1997 was an Anniston business that had gotten big in a hurry, and then that growth got noticed. TheAnniston Star (AL)archive contains articles from the publications below. There was an error processing your request. It Is a battle against time and lofty odds, and the city's only weapons are housing code Inspections and federal assistance programs. BIRMINGHAM, Ala. (AP) Oklahoma's regular-season games against Southeastern Conference teams will have to wait until the Sooners are officially a conference. Refunds and credits are granted only in cases where you were not able to retrieve an article that you located. You will only be charged once for an article even if you happen to view it more than once, provided the viewings occur within a 24 hour period. You may use Visa, Mastercard, American Express or Discover. With the declining program budget and the higher ceilings for each participant, the end result is that fewer houses can be repaired under the program. How can I avoid paying for this type of article in the future? For technical or billing issues, pleasecontact Archive Customer Support. certain synonym rx7. Get your account details, profile, password, subscription info, communication settings and more here. Click Doneto save. Remember that copyright laws prohibit using the article in electronic or hard copy forms, except for personal use. She is survived by one daughter mrs. For Bradford, It is frustrating trying to stretch the program, which he says Is "not designed for low-income people," over so many needs. 3. October 27, 2022 (97 years old) View obituary. If you need to find an article which you believe was published but is not in the database . The Anniston Star. Part of the problem is the age of these houses. His reporting has been recognized by the Alabama Broadcaster's Association and the Associated Press, and has earned him an Emmy nomination. Photos: Ghostwriters 2022 Art Submissions, Editor James Bennett's column: Be ready for whatever comes next, Editorial: Democrats fail to connect on pocketbook issues, risk losing Congress, Editor James Bennett's column: Kari Lake shimmers as new star in GOP universe, Editorial: British prime minister's honeymoon lasts only 44 days. View package pricing. NEWSPAPER (3) The Anniston Republic i. Anniston Star Sports Writer Joe Medley picks the scores of this weeks first-round high school football playoff games: October is a month when newspaper editors often share their thoughts with readers on the importance of a free press and balanced journalism. This year the female swan, who Is now experienced in coping with two-legged Intruders, was 8 for 8. Despite the program's popularity, some city officials have misgivings about a program that rewards the landlords so much. newspaper. Information regarding access and use for institutions is available by contacting NewsBank at 800-762-8182 or emailsales@newsbank.com. Much 10/09 Find Funeral Notices.They are parents to sons, Michael Ralph Carter and James. map of oakland neighborhoods; mahomet festival Moodle Features. 2, Piedmont No. Recently, the VA added the three more conditions to the Agent Orange presumptive list : bladder cancer, hypothyroidism, and parkinsonism. 1. The Anniston Star Archives Explore the The Anniston Star online newspaper archive. facebook marketplace belleville. Winds light and variable.. Clear skies. If you need help with your archive account,Contact Us. Jacksonville has shown itself capable against top Class 4A competition this season, but can the Golden Eagles get over the top? Latest E-Edition High School Football Special To view our latest e-Edition click the image on the left. SECAUCUS, N.J. and ANNISTON, Ala., Sept. 26, 2018 /PRNewswire/ -- Quest Diagnostics , the world's leading provider of diagnostic information services, and Regional. They need more than we can do," he says. Burial will be in Edgemont cemetery. Family and friends are warmly invited to celebrate David's life at the Lake Bolac Football Club, Frontage Road, Lake Bolac on . 849,438 pages; 1887 - 2017; The Semi-Weekly Republic. About 100 houses each year are affected In Calhoun County, Bradford says, and the average family will wait a year to 18 months before receiving the aid. "Jack is a true journalist. Funeral services will be held today at 4 ., at Gray Brown Jacoby on Bridge the revs. THE EGGS were laid, one a day, In the third week In March and piled Into the nest. I tried to view a complete article and my username and password won't work. I mmw- I Multl Compact Disc CD Players PDM40 fcCffcn SLP118 & H3 Reg. Special Publications Home & Garden Fall 2022 Mobile Apps Marketplace Indigo Designs by.