How does this bead system work with hi wax oils? The vapor pressure of water is the pressure at which the gas phase is in equilibrium with the liquid phase. From Fig. Dr. Moshfeghian is a senior member of AIChE and has published more than 125 technical papers on thermodynamic properties and Process Engineering. This is the section which limits the maximum monthly true vapor pressure (NOT Reid Vapor Pressure) to 11.1 psia for a floating roof to be used for emissions control. What is the diction of the poem abiku by jp clark? vapor in the air and saturation vapor pressure is the amount of Boiling Point in C.: 40 C-80 C Vapour Pressure at 35 C: ---Appearance(Colour) : Straw coloured to colourless Melting / Freezing Point in C: ----Evaporation rate at 30 C: ---Odour: characteristic smell. Other then that, great post! . In addition to the standard procedures for their measurements, there are rigorous and shortcut methods for their estimation and conversion. For more information about these services, visit our website at http://petroskills.com/consulting, or email us at consulting@PetroSkills.com. - Biobased naphtha comes from the refining of biobased feedstocks. 9.19 Reid Vapor Pressure: 0.13 psia NOTES JUNE 1999. At 6" thickness of beads, the DryFoam easily floats and supresses vapors up to ~99%. (For use with Equations 1a, 2a and 3a). The atmospheric pressure is 14.7 psia. puriss. Within the contactor, part of the naphtha is vaporized. TVP specications must always be referenced to a temperature, which frequently falls between 30-50C (86-122F). Norman, OK. 73072. 1, H224 Skin Irrit. Naphtha is used as a solvent, in making varnish, adhesives, coatings, and many other chemicals. We can cautiously compare diesel with n-dodecane in these terms as this has a vapor pressure of 0.3 mm Hg, a value typical of a diesel. pressure is referred to as a vacuum. Hello API 2517 parameters for crude oil TVP calculations Vapor Pressure. The sales specifications of these products are the same, some . Chapter 5 of reference [1] presents an excellent overview of TVP and RVP including their definitions, standard procedures for their measurements and diagrams for their conversion. For converting RVP to TVP of motor gasoline and natural gasoline, this tip presented simple correlations similar to the ones reported in API 2517 for crude oil RVP to TVP. A small variation in pressure lead dual phage flow due to presence of C4 component. Vazquez-Esparragoza, J.J., et al, How to Estimate Reid Vapor Pressure (RVP) of Blends, Bryan Research and Engineering, Inc, Bryan, Texas, 2015. This is a nice piece of work, and is useful for students of chemical engineering, as well as process engineers, Please include my email in the new tip of the month topics. Figures 2a (SI) and 2b (FPS) present the predicted TVP by Equations 1a, 2a and 3a and the corresponding parameters listed in Table 2 as a function of temperature and RVP for crude oil. Corrosion may also be an issue, for the tank roof structure and roof plate underside, especially if the crude contains sulfur. Withdrawn in 2009 [Rubber solvent (Naphtha) 8030-30-6]. Bei. In non-technical terms, vapor pressure is the amount of water vapor in the air and saturation vapor pressure is the amount of water vapor the air can hold at a specific temeprature.. For accurate measurements, correction procedures outlined in ASTM D 637710 and other guidelines should be consulted. Reid vapor pressure (RVP) is a common measure of the volatility of gasoline and other petroleum products. Note that the values of A1, A2, B1, and B2 are different in the above two sets of equations. It is defined as the absolute vapor pressure exerted by the vapor of the liquid and any dissolved gases/moisture at 37.8 C (100 F) as determined by the test method ASTM-D-323, which was first developed in 1930 [2] and has been revised several times (the latest version is ASTM D323-15a). Thanks for input. Figure 1a. and Alqattan, A.H., Prediction of Reid Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Fuels, Petroleum Science and Technology, 23: 7586, 2005. The average error from their proposed correlation is about 6 kPa (0.88 psi) [4]. At higher temperatures, the gas cannot be liquefied by pressure alone. Might there be any scientific papers on this subject or any closely related topics? Barometric pressure is measured on weather stations and data buoys using absolute pressure sensors; the data . Note that the vapor pressure of 11 psi does not mean that this is an API 620 tank - API 650 is just fine. Answer (1 of 4): In many countries, naphtha refers to diesel fuel or even gasoline. Table 3 presents the optimized values of A1, A2, A3, B1, B2, B3, and C for RVP calculation in FPS and SI for the proposed Equations 1c through 3c. The product has been tested on crude oil (Saudi light), gasoline, heptane, diesel, ethanol and even cryogenic LNG.
For gasoline, the RVP. The relationship between the measured TVP and V/L depends on the composition of the mixture. The U.S. EPA's publication "AP 42, Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors", Chapter 7, Table 7.1-2 gives the following True Vapor Pressures for Kerosene (which is essentially #1 Diesel: 40 deg F = 0.0041 psia 60 deg F = 0.0085 psia 80 deg F = 0.015 psia 100 deg F = 0.029 psia A farmer has 19 sheep All but 7 die How many are left? Vazquez-Esparragoza et al. 2MAPD = Maximum Absolute Percent Deviation 2 [1] above, the vapor pressure at 100C can be approximated between 35 and 36 psia. Light straight run naphtha is a distillation cut made up of pentane and slightly heavier naphtha range material. This tip will present simple correlations for conversion from RVP to TVP and vice versa at a specified temperature. TVP as a function of RVP and temperature for crude oil, Categories: Gas Processing, Process Facilities, Refining, Recieve new post updates: Entries (RSS)
Join your peers on the Internet's largest technical engineering professional community.It's easy to join and it's free. CAS Number: 101316-46-5. Their accuracy is as good as the quality of tabular data generated from Figure 5.14. psia 3,12281E9 -2,3125 . 5.1 Vapor pressure is an important physical property of volatile liquids. DR. MAHMOOD MOSHFEGHIAN is a Senior Technical Advisor and Senior Instructor. and in the metric system. The optimized parameters for crude oil TVP conversion to RVP, 1AAPD = Average Absolute Percent Deviation, 2MAPD = Maximum Absolute Percent Deviation, 3AAD = Average Absolute Deviation, 4NP = Number of data Points (NP). The critical temperature of propane, for instance, is 97C, well above room temperature. Light naphthas (sg~0.60-0.66) could have vapor pressure higher than 13 psi at 100 oF, not being suitable for FR tank storage. A teacher walks into the Classroom and says If only Yesterday was Tomorrow Today would have been a Saturday Which Day did the Teacher make this Statement? DryFoam is essentially small composite beads about 1/8" diameter that simply floats on the oil at all times. The error analysis of Table 3 indicates that the accuracy of the proposed correlations is good and can be used for the estimation purposes. Vapor pressure is effected by temperature, pressure, the Vapor pressure does not blend linearly with volume. : 64741-46-4 Product group : Trade product 1.2. p a (psia) = p r (psig) + p atm (psia), patm = 14.7 psia at sea level. Keep up the cool quality writing, it is rare to see a nice post like this one these days. between the particles that make up that substance. See Appendix H: Reciprocal Calculation Method for Certain Refined Hydrocarbon Solvent Vapor Mixtures. The specific gravity of water is 1.0. . Heating causes rise in pressure with risk of bursting. Both chambers are cooled to 0C (32F). Vapor Pressure @20C kPa- 1.5 Paraffins %v/vGC 33 Naphthenes %v/vGC 67 Aromatics %v/vASTM D32570.2 Benzene %v/vGC < 0.002 Sulfur mg/kgASTM D4045< 1 Figure 2a. TVP as a function of RVP and temperature for crude oil, Figure 2b. The Reid vapor pressure (RVP) can differ substantially from the true vapor pressure (TVP) of a liquid mixture, since (1) RVP is the vapor pressure measured at 37.8C (100F) and the TVP is a function of the temperature; (2) RVP is defined as being measured at a vapor-to-liquid ratio of 4:1, whereas the TVP of mixtures can depend on the actual vapor-to-liquid ratio; (3) RVP will include the pressure associated with the presence of dissolved water and air in the sample (which is excluded by some but not all definitions of TVP); and (4) the RVP method is applied to a sample which has had the opportunity to volatize somewhat prior to measurement: i.e., the sample container is required to be only 70-80% full of liquid [7](so that whatever volatizes into the container headspace is lost prior to analysis); the sample then again volatizes into the headspace of the D323 test chamber before it is heated to 37.8 degrees Celsius. This tip determined the SI (T, C, RVP, kPa and TVP, kPaa) corresponding parameters. The data set labeled All included 127 data points covering all of the data of combined motor gasoline and natural gasoline. The RVP test is applicable for crude oils, condensates, and petroleum products such as gasoline (petrol) mixtures. TVP is difcult to measure and depends on the ratio of the vapor to liquid, V/L, in the measurement device. [4] presented a new correlation for predicting the RVP of gasoline and naphtha based on a TVP correlation. They can tolerate fires and have a coating on each bead that swells and insulates the ones beneath so that a torch directed on the surface of DryFoam floating on gasoline will not ignite the gasoline. 2, H315 . NIOSH/OSHA. Also, explore many other unit converters or learn more about pressure unit conversions. NAPHTHA: VM & P NVM 9.20 SATURATED LIQUID DENSITY Temperature (degrees F) Pounds per cubic foot 50 52 54 56 58 . It follows the same approach as the. [1] Storage of crude oil with vapour pressure higher than 11 psia, http://www.eng-tips.com/viewthread.cfm?qid=88058, Low-Volume Rapid Injection Molding With 3D Printed Molds, Industry Perspective: Education and Metal 3D Printing. RVP to TVP: Table 2 presents the API 2517 FPS parameters of A1, A2, B1, B2, and C for Equations 1a, 2a, and 3a (T, F, RVP, psi and TVP, psia). [1] It is defined as the Explanatory Notes. Its odour threshold is 5 p.p.m. Typical ranges are 7-15 psi or 48-103 kPa. DryFoam is essentially small composite beads about 1/8" diameter that simply floats on the oil at all times. Correlations for Conversion between True and Reid Vapor Pressures (TVP and RVP), Liquid Vapor Composition Diagram | Tech Superb Blog, Campbell, J.M., Gas Conditioning and Processing, Volume 1: The Basic Principles, 9. Vapour pressure, kPa at 20C: 0.1-0.3. Melting point: 0C Density: 0.76-0.79 g/cm Solubility in water: none Vapour pressure, kPa at 20C: 0.1-0.3 Flash point: 40-62C c.c. Alternatively, if the vapor pressure at 70C is 105.37 kPa and is known, you can use the 70 to 90C temperature differential to calculate the slope and intercept and ultimately calculate pv = 35.79 psia = 246.79 kPa. Accurate measurement and prediction of crude oil and natural gas liquid (NGL) products vapor pressure are important for safe storage and transportation, custody transfer, minimizing vaporization losses and environmental protection. The high surface tension of water (water "sticks" to itself, so it doesn't "want to" evaporate) means water has a low vapor . [3] The test method measures the vapor pressure of gasoline, volatile crude oil, jet fuels, naphtha, and other volatile petroleum products but is not applicable for liquefied petroleum gases. Moshfeghian
Soave, Chem. The volatility of a fuel can be estimated using the values of the so-called Reid vapor pressure (RVP) [36], which is the pressure of a fuel vapor at 37.8C (100F). Flash point: 40-62C c.c. Solution: Cox Chart . The algorithm, based on an air-and-water free model, uses the Gas Processors Association Soave-Redlich-Kwong [3] equation of state and assumes liquid and gas volumes are additive. absolute vapor pressure exerted by the vapor of the liquid and any dissolved gases/moisture at 37.8C (100F) as determined by the test method ASTM-D-323, which was first developed in 1930 [2] and has been revised several times (the latest version is ASTM D323-15a). TVP as a function of RVP and temperature for motor gasoline and natural gasoline (typical C5+ NGLs), Figure 1b. True Vapor Pressure (psi) T001 3,815,742 High VP VOL Storage, EFR (RVP 6.0 psi) 2008 4.7580 psi . The API 2517 equations are the same as shown in Equations 1 through 3. Naphtha (petroleum), full-range straight-run (CAS No.) This algorithm can be used to predict RVP of any hydrocarbon mixture of known composition. The vapor pressure of water calculator found the pressure according to five formulas. 399.47 - 491.79: 3.97067: 1606.529-85.923: Camin and Rossini, 1955 : Water has a low vapor pressure because of the high amount of energy The 80% chamber, which is lled with air (may also contain a small amount of water vapor) at atmospheric pressure. Tables 1 and 3 presents the accuracy of the proposed correlations against the data generated from diagrams. Concept. [8], ASTM D323-15a, Standard Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Reid Method), Section 1.1, ASTM D323-15a, Standard Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Reid Method), footnote 1, ASTM D323-15a, Standard Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Reid Method), ASTM D323-15a, Standard Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Reid Method), Sections 1.1 and 1.6, ASTM D323-15a, Standard Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Reid Method), Sections 11.1 and 11.1.2, ASTM D323-15a, Standard Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Reid Method), Section 8.3, Conversion between the two measures can be found, Last edited on 6 September 2022, at 13:51, ASTM D323 - 06 Standard Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Reid Method), Reid Vapor Pressure Requirements for Ethanol, USA's Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) publication, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reid_vapor_pressure&oldid=1108830491, This page was last edited on 6 September 2022, at 13:51. It tends to have low octane and high vapor pressure. Vapor pressure: 40 mmHg(approx) Flash point: Vapor density: Specific gravity: Ionization potential: Lower explosive limit (LEL) . Table 2. Because of the difculty in accurately measuring TVP, an alternative method of measuring vapor pressure is frequently used. Any substance with a vapor pressure that has a high vapor Currently the true vapour pressure is approx 13.5 psia at the storage temperature. In non-technical terms, vapor pressure is the amount of water To learn more about similar cases and how to minimize operational problems, we suggest attending our G4 (Gas Conditioning and Processing), G5 (Advanced Applications in Gas Processing), and PF4 (Oil Production and Processing Facilities), courses. The pressure indicated on the gauge is the RVP. can be broadly compared with threshold limit values for pure . I haven't got a copy of that one yet but it was mentioned in passing atmospheric vapor pressure (at highest design temperature) plus corroded roof weight is the practical limit for a floating roof. Ifrs, thanks for the hint about the fined tubes to reduce surface temperature. []. Vapor pressure: 2-20 mmHg Flash point: 20-55F Vapor density: Specific gravity: 0.73-0.76 (60F) . I am not sure from where this proceeds, since such a limit does not appear in API 650. NAPHTHA (PETROLEUM), HYDROTREATED HEAVY: ICSC: 1380: PHYSICAL & CHEMICAL INFORMATION; Physical State; Appearance COLOURLESS LIQUID. Reasons such as off-topic, duplicates, flames, illegal, vulgar, or students posting their homework. Floats on water. Thus propane in a high-pressure cylinder consists of a mixture of liquid and vapor, and you can sometimes hear the liquid sloshing about inside. I truly appreciate individuals like you! Product NameVM&P Naphtha HT Data Sheet Shell Chemicals This product is manufactured at more than one production site. Already a member? If V/L = 0, the vapor pressure is essentially equivalent to the bubble point of the mixture which is the highest vapor pressure value for the liquid. Although this does not apply outside the US, there is decent science behind it and as such deserves consideration. On the other hand, wax build up on the shell should be limited. DryFoam won't sink, it won't corrode, and can be applied very easily and quickly plus it will prevent fires. Vapours may form explosive mixture with air. High levels of vaporization are desirable for winter starting and operation and lower levels are desirable in avoiding vapor lock during summer heat. TVP to RVP: Similarly this tip proposes the following equations for conversion from TVP to RVP. Promoting, selling, recruiting, coursework and thesis posting is forbidden. You will get pretty high losses through the floating roof, it's appurtenances and seals - check with your local EPA for limitations and applicability. Vapours are heavier than air and may spread along . At these conditions, the physical properties model predicts a phase separation into (Acrid ) Vapour Density ( Air-1): 2.264 (Heavier Than Air) Solubility in water at 30 C : Insoluble in water. Reference [1] lists the Standards used for TVP measurements. I think it might come from a Shell DEP, which has the status of "code" in some parts of the world. The RVP is a standard test set out in ISO 3007:1999, Petroleum products and crude petroleum Determination of vapour pressure Reid method. Naphtha is a clear liquid hydrocarbon that is produced during the fractional distillation of crude petroleum oil or coal tar. As fegenbush states, the 11.1 psi is a USA EPA rule. Trade name/designation : LIGHT NAPHTHA EC-No. : 265-046-8 CAS-No. What is naphtha vapor pressure? . "Light" naphtha has a range of more evaporative molecules like hexanes or pentanes. pressure is equal to the standard atmospheric pressure defined as 1 atmosphere, 760 Torr, 101.325 kPa, or 14.69595 psi. That is why a value of 20 feet for NPSHA can be quite acceptable. [4] ASTM D323-15a requires that the sample be chilled to 0 to 1 degrees Celsius and then poured into the apparatus;[5] for any material that solidifies at this temperature, this step cannot be performed. The NIST Chemistry WebBook provides access to data compiled and distributed by NIST under the Standard Reference Data Program . TVP to RVP: To cover the full ranges of Figure 5.15 of reference [1], this tip proposes the following equations for conversion of TVP to RVP. Thanks, I'll look this up and see where it takes us. Who is the one who informs Philip Hamilton where to find George Eacker, the man who publicly insulted his father Why is it significant that this character is the one to have this conversation with Philip Hamilton? A new product was recently introduced by Trelleborg called "DryFoam" that can easily handle vapor pressures up to flashing and beyond. 1.5 Procedure D for aviation gasoline with a vapor pressure of approximately 50 kPa (7 psi). where p a is the absolute pressure, p r the relative pressure and p atm the absolute pressure value of the local atmospheric pressure. SECTION 5. PDF | On Jun 1, 2000, R. Larraz Mora published Optimum Temperature Profile in Naphtha Catalytic Reforming | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ResearchGate . MDL number: MFCD00081849. These correlations are easy to use for hand or spreadsheet calculations and should be used for estimation purposes. [2] present an algorithm to calculate RVP without performing the actual test. Riazi, M.R., Albahri, T.A. Free online pressure converter - converts between 53 units of pressure, including pascal [Pa], kilopascal [kPa], bar, psi [psi], etc. It was orginally developed for crude oil storage tanks in the arctic that has vapor pressure exceeding 14.2 psia plus it will prevent fires. Several organizations are currently working to improve the accuracy of TVP estimation from RVP and/or VPCR(x) (ASTM D6377) measurement techniques. naphtha extractor operates without any of the water icing, the prewash flash bottoms is preheated to 50F. (APF = 50) Any chemical cartridge respirator with a full facepiece and organic vapor cartridge (s) (APF = 50) Any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator (gas mask) with a chin-style, front- or back-mounted organic vapor canister. 3AAD = Average Absolute Deviation What has Prince Charles done to help the world? Lift pump pressure is in the 10-15 psi range. Shut off ignition sources and call fire department. NAPHTHA: STODDARD SOLVENT NSS CAUTIONARY RESPONSE INFORMATION Common Synonyms Watery liquid . Physical Properties Physical Properties Physical description Clear to yellowish liquid with a pleasant, aromatic odor. What is -40 degrees Celsius to Fahrenheit? Naphtha is recovered from a soot-naphtha slurry by mixing the slurry with hot residual oil and feeding the mixture into a vapor/liquid contactor. mass of the particles, and the nature of the attractive forces p.a., low boiling point hydrogen treated naphtha, bp 30-50 C. [3] For floating roofs, I would place the limitation based on the contact pressure of the floating roof such that the vapor pressure cannot lift the roof. The value of NPSHA is then: This value is a bit on the low side and I would normally check the pump curves to ensure . Vapor pressure it the pressure exerted by the vapor molecules. The proceeding two paragraphs are extracted with minor revisions from reference [1]. The most often used is the Antoine equation (4.232 kPa), but the Buck formula (4.245 kPa) is usually the most accurate one for temperature ranges we typically look for. The 80% air chamber (at atmospheric pressure) is then connected to the 20% liquid chamber. None reported [Note: VM&P Naphtha is a refined petroleum solvent predominantly C 7 -C 11 which is typically 55% paraffins, 30% monocycloparaffins, 2% dicycloparaffins & 12% alklybenzenes.] Table 1. I have recently heard the 11 psia limit as well. Heating causes rise in pressure with risk of bursting. The term "Wild" came for stripper unstabilised naphtha due to its high RVP. Table 3. There is no math, just good, clear explanations of how it works. Already a Member? The API 2517 originally reported the same forms of equations for crude oil. Assume we want to calculate the vapor pressure of water in 86 F (30 C). Learn methods and guidelines for using stereolithography (SLA) 3D printed molds in the injection molding process to lower costs and lead time. The proposed correlation is evaluated with data collected on 50 gasoline samples from crude oils from around the world with API gravity ranges from 41 to 87, average boiling point ranges from 316 to 494 K and RVP of 0.007 to 1.15 bars (0.1-17 psia). 9.19 Reid Vapor Pressure: 0.1 psia NOTES JUNE 1999. Note 1: . Metal 3D printing has rapidly emerged as a key technology in modern design and manufacturing, so its critical educational institutions include it in their curricula to avoid leaving students at a disadvantage as they enter the workforce. BIOREFINERY PLATFORMS. was Professor of Chemical Engineering at Shiraz University. It is commonly used for converting RVP to TVP at custody transfer points where the vapor pressure specication for the oil is a TVP, but the actual vapor pressure measurement is an RVP. Reaction thermochemistry data for over 8000 reactions. Resolution now seems to be that sense has prevailed and the upstream element is conditioning the crude with a lower vapour pressure such that FR tanks can now be used, but will pursue these beads a bit further. With any body of water, water molecules are always both evaporating and condensing. So it typically only makes up a very small portion of the gasoline pool. pressure, photo of an impeller damaged by cavitation, This on-line tutorial is intended for everyone with an interest in centrifugal pumps. Since the calculations are iterative, it should be incorporated into a general purpose process simulator. Light naphtha Painter's naphtha Petroleum solvent Keep people away. ANTOINE COEFFICIENTS FOR VAPOR PRESSURE www.IrChe.com Iranian Chemical Engineers Website 45 2aminoethoxyethanol C4H11NO2 8.14609 2165.16 170.364 0 425.85 46 Naminoethyl ethanolamine C4H12N2O 8.46342 2421.58 189.922 20 424.85 Light naphtha can come either from crude distillation or from fractionation of NGLs (natural gasoline). Why the RVP test in temperature 37.8 C ? You can hear RVP to TVP: This tip used these data to determine the parameters to the Equations 1 through 3. Copyright 1998-2022 engineering.com, Inc. All rights reserved.Unauthorized reproduction or linking forbidden without expressed written permission. Eng. My motto: Learn something new every day
Pricing and availability is not currently available. So as long as the liquid level stays above the outlet pipe then there is no concern of ingesting the beads. What is the vapor pressure of a pan of diesel fuel with the outside temp 60 f? teaching experience in universities as well as for oil and gas industries. The error analysis of Table 1 indicates that the accuracy of the proposed correlations is good. The Reid vapor pressure test is used to determine the front-end volatility of products in the gasoline through heavy reforming naphtha boiling point range, It correlates with the normal butane content of the sample and the RVP of gasoline blends is adjusted by adding or removing normal butane, For gasoline, the RVP is 8-14 psi, and the percentage of . The pressure exerted by the vapor phase is called the vapor or saturation pressure Vapor or saturation pressure depends on temperature. For more information on low The facility will decommission fugitive components that are in gas oil, naphtha, light liquid, and gas/vapor service (Source Codes FE01 through FE05 and L001 through L005). Equation for true vapor pressure of crude oils with a Reid vapor pressure of 2 to 15 pounds per square inch. I was thinking the 11 psi limit was in the federal regulations. It is defined as the equilibrium partial pressure exerted by a volatile organic liquid as a function of temperature as determined by the test method ASTM D 2879. If your true vapor pressure is over atmospheric you are by definition boiling and a floating roof is out of the question. Special Notes: : ** Other substances in the product which may present a health or environmental hazard. in 1990 as a part time consultant and then as full time instructor/consultant in 2005. VAPOR PRESSURES OF PURE SUBSTANCES 2-61 TABLE 2-8 Vapor Pressures of Organic Compounds, up to 1 atm* Pressure, mm Hg Melting Compound 1 5 10 20 40 60 100 200 400 760 point, Name Formula Temperature, C C Acenaphthalene C 12 H10 114.8 131.2 148.7 168.2 181.2 197.5 222.1 250.0 277.5 95 Acetal C 6H14 O2 23.0 2.3 +8.0 19.6 31.9 39.8 50.1 . Why is Freak interested in King Arthur and the knights of the round table? Gas chromatography data for over 27,000 .
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