The relationship between nonmedical use of prescription stimulants, executive functioning and academic outcomes. There were numerous limitations of this study, which included the scarcity of evidence pertaining to the possible link between ADHD and creativity. Psychologist Nina Lieberman's research in the very interesting book Playfulness: Its Relationship to Imagination and Creativity has something very relevant to add to this discussion.Divergent thinking goes hand-in-hand with joy, optimism, and inner well-being. In the second session, participants used a tablet to complete the B-DEFS and ASRS (along with items from several other scales for use in a different study) on Qualtrics, with all scale items presented in a random order. Careers, Edited by: Anies Al-Hroub, American University of Beirut, Lebanon, Reviewed by: Aldebarn Toledo Fernndez, Universidad Anhuac Mxico Campus Norte, Mexico; Isabel Carmona, University of Almera, Spain, This article was submitted to Educational Psychology, a section of the journal Frontiers in Psychology. Lateral thinking is an indirect process that combines convergent and . The aim of the current study was to understand the link between ADHD and creativity using a systematic review. The TTCT-Figural test contains three activities that ask participants to provide a drawn response, such as providing as many creative pictures from a series of parallel lines as possible, with a time limit of 10 min for each task. Biederman J., Petty C. R., Fried R., Black S., Faneuil A., Doyle A. E., et al. Taken together, these results demonstrate two things: First, the relationship between components of divergent thinking on the TTCT-Verbal and inattentive characteristics related to ADHD is broadly similar using either the B-DEFS or the ASRS. All rights reserved. Three scores may be computed according to the testing manual: a general composite IQ score, a verbal IQ score, based on scores for the verbal knowledge and riddles subtests, and a non-verbal IQ score, based on the score for the matrices subtest. It should be noted that this study did not take into account the effect of medication on creativity. They often have strong imaginations and are very curious. It is also possible to become neurodivergent as a result of exposure to certain drugs in the womb, or as the result of a physical or emotional injury. Validity of pilot adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) to rate adult ADHD symptoms. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2014, 236-249. See if there might be opportunities to problem-solve or brainstorm. Findings were mixed for research with adults, with some studies showing higher divergent thinking with ADHD and other studies not finding differences between adults with and without ADHD. Maybe you can incorporate more meetings or collaboration into your role. How Does ADHD Affect Gifted Children? The model predicting TTCT-Verbal scores was also statistically significant with verbal IQ as the only significant, positive predictor. Participants were asked to indicate, on a five-point scale from 0 (never) to 4 (very often), how often they have experienced each of 18 characteristics of ADHD within the previous 6 months. Divergent thinking poses a question that generates ideas, some of which may be novel. Psychometric properties of the Barkley deficits in executive functioning scale: a Spanish-language version in a community sample of Puerto Rican adults. Dr. Holly White, then at the University of Memphis, and her colleague, Priti Shah of the University of Michigan, set out to find out how much truth there was to the supposed link, and discovered that their subjects with ADHD showed marked differences both in their creative abilities and their approaches to creative problem solving. Unfortunately for divergent thinking children, their wonderfully imaginative, creative and divergent mind, is one of their most misunderstood inherent characteristics. (2020b) study, the effect was in the same direction and only slightly smaller than that found in the current study (i.e., 0.16 and 0.20, respectively), suggesting that the null result found in that study could have indeed been due to inadequate power stemming from the small sample size (N = 50). We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. Because the guy who started Kinkos, who is an 11 on a scale of 1 to 10 of ADHD was able to think outside the box. At a talk at the Royal Society of Arts, the late, great, inspirational educator, Sir Ken Robinson, explored the problems encountered by the lack of creativity in education. Although there are 2.58% of adults with ADHD worldwide who were diagnosed as children, a further 6.76% of adults who were not diagnosed as children nonetheless experience clinically significant characteristics of ADHD (Song et al., 2021). Reiter-Palmon R., Forthmann B., Barbot B. In a study by White and Shah (2006), people with ADHD were found to score higher than those without ADHD in a measure of divergent thinking (ie. A., Weyandt L. L., Marraccini M. E., Oster D. R. (2017). In the current study, internal consistency was strong for the B-DEFS total scale (Cronbachs = 0.96) and for each of the subscales: time management ( = 0.93), self-motivation ( = 0.87), self-restraint ( = 0.85), self-organization/problem-solving ( = 0.91), and self-regulation of emotion ( = 0.83). OC372755), https://www.lexico.com/definition/divergent, https://www.forbes.com/sites/chuckswoboda/2020/08/03/why-thinking-outside-the-box-is-the-wrong-way-to-approach-innovation/?sh=e1ed546461bb, https://www.ted.com/talks/sir_ken_robinson_changing_education_paradigms, https://www.additudemag.com/adhd-entrepreneur-stories-jetblue-kinkos-jupitermedia/. But pause that narrative and take an objective look at yourself. The test is quite simple. A model for freshman engineering retention. A review on the developmental trajectories of ADHD across the lifespan. This is done with little criticism and judgment to discover unexpected connections. Three facets of creative thinking are divergent thinking, conceptual expansion, and overcoming knowledge constraints. Exactly why this should be is an interesting question that, for the time being, she has no answers for. Understanding yourself is the first step to maximizing your potential. The current study was conducted to better understand the relationship between ADHD characteristics, executive functioning difficulties, divergent thinking, and academic outcomes by conceptually replicating and expanding on a previous study. residual = 3.03 and 4.38) and elaboration were statistically significant for B-DEFS components (step 1), as well as after adding verbal and non-verbal IQ (step 2). In the first session, participants completed informed consent, followed by the TTCT-Figural test. However, these characteristics have also been found to correspond with enhanced performance on divergent thinking tasks, which assess ones ability to generate many original responses to a stimulus (Zabelina et al., 2014; Boot et al., 2017; Taylor et al., 2020b). Characteristics of ADHD Related to executive function: differential predictions for creativity-related traits. Is the DSM-5 a culturally appropriate assessment tool for identifying learners with adhd in Lebanese schools? Thus, although the relationship between clinically diagnosed ADHD and divergent thinking remains uncertain, studies more consistently show that higher (compared to lower) self-reported ADHD characteristics and executive functioning difficulties are associated with better performance on divergent thinking tasks in adults (see Hoogman et al., 2020). Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2018; 28: 1059-1088. However, understanding the causes of discrepant results, such as the surprising finding in our study that engineering GPA positively predicted TTCT-Figural scores, will require further research. Results align with previous research showing that executive functioning difficulties are associated with poorer engineering GPA. Palladino describes a boy who struggled with the linear method of learning: He was a boy who learned only by doing. Executive functioning and olfactory identification in young adults with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder. In part because ADHDs hallmark characteristics include a lack of constraint, intellectually as well as behaviorally, studies have consistently found that people with ADHD often excel at divergent thinking but struggle with convergent thinking. Many possible solutions are explored in a short amount of time, and unexpected . J Child Psychiatry 2020; Epub ahead of print, Kok FM et al. Students with ADHD have poorer academic outcomes in general than students without ADHD (Frazier et al., 2007; Dupaul et al., 2009; Dipeolu, 2011). Abstract Divergent thinking (DT) tests are very often used in creativity studies. Lubke G. H., Hudziak J. J., Derks E. M., van Bijsterveldt T. C. E. M., Boomsma D. I. Bivariate correlations for all variables included in the analyses. Electronic address: martine.hoogman@radboudumc.nl. Boot et al. Descriptive statistics for all variables included in the analyses. 1. (2016). (2006). He had an extremely high IQ, an incredible amount of support, and the appropriate accommodation in school.. Although it has been frequently suggested that the relationship between ADHD characteristics and divergent thinking may be strengthened by accounting for IQ (e.g., Boot et al., 2017; Taylor et al., 2020a), IQ has rarely been assessed in studies examining this relationship (though see Taylor and Zaghi, 2021). Second, we sought to better understand the role of IQ in the relationship between ADHD characteristics or executive functioning difficulties and divergent thinking. Many people with ADHD resign themselves to feeling inadequate, assuming they will always have to work twice as hard as those with neurotypical brains. The population-based studies also had mixed results, one of the studies showed that impulsivity or hyperactive symptoms were related with better fluency performance (based on teacher-ratings). Most of the debated approaches are unsupervised machine learning approaches and researchers. ADHD in lebanese schools: diagnosis, assessment, and treatment. What Does It Mean to Be Neurodivergent? Divergent thinking is an ideation mode which designers use to widen their design space as they begin to search for potential solutions. Additionally, in contrast to the results of Taylor et al. A meta-analysis of the relationship between three common psychopathologiesADHD, anxiety, and depressionand indicators of little-c creativity. Divergent thinkers are often independent, curious and risk-takers. Behavioral inhibition, sustained attention, and executive functions: constructing a unifying theory of ADHD. Nine items on the scale reflect the inattentive dimension of ADHD, such as forgetting appointments and obligations, and nine items reflect the hyperactive/impulsive dimension, such as interrupting when others are speaking. Adults living with ADHD tackle impulsivity, forgetfulness, distractibility and time management difficulties daily which may lead to negative performance in . ADHD OR attention deficit hyperactivity disorder AND convergent thinking; 3. CT performed the statistical analysis and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. Norwalk K., Norvilitis J. M., MacLean M. G. (2009). Petersen R., Lavelle E., Guarino A. J. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder is characterized by a persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivityimpulsivity that impacts ones daily life (American Psychiatric Association, 2013; World Health Organization, 2022). Systematic search for the effect of psychostimulants on creativity provided a final selection of 12 studies; six studies of children with ADHD, two studies of adults with ADHD and four studies of adults without ADHD. The three modes of thinking are convergent thinking, divergent thinking, and lateral thinking. Additionally, in terms of neuroimaging studies, there was only indirect evidence of overlap between brain regions (prefrontal cortex, striatum, amygdala) and brain networks (default mode network and executive function network) involved in ADHD and creativity. Although the current study fills important gaps in our understanding of how ADHD characteristics and executive functioning difficulties, divergent thinking, and academic performance relate to one another, there are several limitations that can be addressed in future research. Giving yourself permission to rest and allowing your brain to go offline will increase your ability to regain focus. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 119: 66-85. Parents who've claimed for years that their kids with ADHD are more creative are getting some scientific backup from a new study, which found that subjects with the disorder have enhanced creative abilities. ADHD, she says, tends to just increase the amount of collisions between all of your ideas, so at any given time, you have more potential processes being activated and youre less likely to rule out any options. However, the conclusions of this study were limited by several methodological issues (e.g., small sample size and assessing figural divergent thinking only). (2017) found that college students self-reported experience of characteristics of ADHD positively predicted originality on a problem construction task, which asked participants to redefine an everyday problem at different levels of usefulness and originality. Samson G. E., Graue M. E., Weinstein T., Herbert J. However, whereas B-DEFS time was a positive predictor, and B-DEFS motivation a negative predictor, in the final model for TTCT-Figural originality scores, verbal IQ was the only significant predictor in the final model for TTCT-Elaboration scores. The .gov means its official. From the lesson. Her ADHD subjects were particularly masterful when the talent in question involved a lack of inhibition. Whereas some studies found evidence for enhanced divergent thinking ability in college students diagnosed with ADHD compared to students not diagnosed with ADHD (White and Shah, 2006, 2011, 2016), other studies and meta-analyses found no association (Barkley et al., 1996; Paek et al., 2016). (1984). However, the meta-analysis was not aimed specifically at the link between ADHD and creativity; therefore, the authors believe that the design of the study was suboptimal for researching this link. (2017). Our conversations are sprinkled with slips, pauses, lies, and clues to our inner world. The first model, wherein all predictors were entered into the model simultaneously, was statistically significant, predicting 10% of the variability in engineering GPA. (2020b) that addresses these limitations. Sometimes love, patience, and acceptance are needed to soothe the other.". Scoring divergent thinking tests: a review and systematic framework. (2020b) using different methods, such as the negative relationship between executive functioning difficulties and engineering GPA. Live fast, die young? document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Registered Office: Trewalder Chapel, Trewalder, Cornwall, PL33 9ET (Psychiatry-UK LLP - co. no. Is an "ADHD-Blind" Relationship Desirable? Please subscribe to my channel: http://bit.ly/spencervideosImagine you have a problem you need to solve and you're looking for innovative solutions. Interestingly, White said she also noticed a distinctive pattern, one not included in the study: ADHD subjects were more likely to excel at certain creative domains than at others. Second, the relationship between engineering GPA and figural divergent thinking may be stronger than previously thought. (2020a) in finding that figural divergent thinking originality relates to select inattentive characteristics. The case for the development and use of ecologically valid measures of executive function in experimental and clinical neuropsychology. (2020b). (2016). J Atten Disord 2020; Epub ahead of print, Youre now being transferred toand are leaving the ADHD Institute site. For instance, Adderall was observed to benefit a handful of participants. Biederman J., Petty C. R., Fried R., Fontanella J., Doyle A. E., Seidman L. J., et al. If you have always thought of your ADHD as a deficit, then why would you ever celebrate your strengths? Because he was distractible and restless, he did not last long in a formal classroom. Dena, California. Divergent thinking and your mood. Are you naturally creative but spend your day following established protocols? These difficulties may contribute to poorer academic performance (i.e., lower GPA), which influences later opportunities (e.g., admission to graduate school; Stemler, 2012; Chari and Potvin, 2019). Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics, version 27. Therefore, this study supports some of the conclusions of Taylor et al. will also be available for a limited time. A social constructivist perspective on the potential relevance of selected dsm-5 disorders for south african children and youth. J Adol Health 2020; 67: 769-777, Kim JH et al. Also known as "floodlight" thinking, it casts a wide net to solve a problem, calling upon creative imagination instead of previously worn paths. The world health organization adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder self-report screening scale for DSM-5. This ability is supported by four processes: (1) fluency, quickly generating ideas, (2) flexibility, generating diverse ideas, (3) originality, generating unique ideas, and (4) elaboration, developing ideas. Controlling for other variables, behaviors reflecting strong executive functioning, non-verbal IQ, and figural divergent thinking were positively associated with GPA. The performing arts in particular were their forte. Results and coefficients for all models predicting TTCT-Verbal scores are shown in Table 4. One of the tasks the subjects completed is called the Creative Achievement Questionnaire, originally developed by Shelley Carson at Harvard. Emilys son is a prime example of No Box Thinking. Some forms of neurodivergent are almost certainly genetic, at least in part. (2007). Silverstein M. J., Faraone S. V., Leon T. L., Biederman J., Spencer T. J., Adler L. A. There were no appreciable differences in the values between the contrasting correlations, and conclusions based on the results remained the same. These five quick and simple tips will help you move towards divergent thinking in the classroom. AZ managed the data collection. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher. All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Available in a range of colours and styles for men, women, and everyone. residual = 3.05) were not statistically significant for B-DEFS components alone (step 1) but were significant after adding verbal and non-verbal IQ (step 2). ADHD OR attention deficit hyperactivity disorder AND creative abilities OR creative achievement; 4. creativ* AND stimulant* There were no case-controlled studies of children with a formal diagnosis of ADHD using creative ability or achievement measures identified by the authors in their systematic search. It refers to the concept that certain developmental. Nigg J. T., Stavro G., Ettenhofer M., Hambrick D. Z., Miller T., Henderson J. M. (2005). Bivariate correlations were analyzed using Pearson correlations ( = 0.05) with pair-wise deletion excluding data for univariate outliers (>3.5 SD from the mean). Divergent thinking is the process of generating multiple related ideas for a given topic or solutions to a problem. 2022 Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited. The next fall he began school, where he alternated between letting his mind travel to distant places and keeping his body in perpetual motion in his seat. Although ASRS scores did not predict originality either alone or after controlling for IQ, B-DEFS scores did significantly predict originality scores both alone and after controlling for IQ. She also describes the qualities of a creative mind: A child with the Edison trait makes sudden, astonishing connections. First, the sample size was relatively small, making the meaning of non-significant results ambiguous. It's necessary! The World Health Organization Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS): a short screening scale for use in the general population. residual = 3.24 and 3.36), originality (for which one outlying case was removed: std. These classifications, however, barely begin to capture what we mean when we talk about creativity. (2020b) were partially consistent with hypotheses derived from the results of that study. Many gifted children have what is called "divergent thinking." This means that they can come up with creative solutions to problems. Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) scores and grade point average (GPA) were collected from university records, and hypotheses were tested using a series of multivariate regression models. ADHD and Divergent Thinking, any personal experiences? The premise behind divergent thinking is this: Those who can seamlessly access the brain's right temporal lobe are able to generate multiple related ideas for a given topic or problem by exploring . Moreover, people with ADHD may experience greater motivation during daily creative activities in domains of their own choosing, but not during standardized laboratory tasks.
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